Temperature controllers must set the temperature very accurately in order to meet the needs of technological processes. So when we design a controller for an electric furnace, precision is extremely important. To provide an exact model of the furnace for this purpose, we identify the system. Using the identified models, the controller parameters can be determined. The objective of our research ...

AIM To describe a new toxic inhalation syndrome in blast furnace workers. METHODS Fourteen workers developed acute respiratory symptoms shortly after exposure to "air blast" from blast furnace tuyeres. These included chest tightness, dyspnoea, rigors, and diaphoresis. Chest radiographs showed pulmonary infiltrates, and lung function a restrictive abnormality. This report includes a descriptio...

A new high-temperature XRD instrument, utilizing multilayer optics and a custom furnace, has been developed to maximize sensitivity and minimize problems associated with sample displacement. This paper will describe the technical specifications of the new instrument, and will present temperature calibration with standard reference materials and measurement of phase evolution in an industrial gl...

In this study an expression for soot absorption coefficient is introduced to extend the weighted-sum-of-gray gases data to the furnace medium containing gas-soot mixture in a utility boiler 150 MWe. Heat transfer and temperature distribution of walls and within the furnace space are predicted by zone method technique. Analyses have been done considering both cases of presence and absence of soo...

In this paper neuro-fuzzy technique is used for the first time in modeling eco-friendly furnace parameters to predict the melting rate of the molten metal required to produce homogenous and quality castings. The relationship between the process variables (input) viz. flame temperature, preheat air temperature, rotational speed of the furnace dome, percentage of excess air, melting time, fuel co...

The gas-phase chemistry of silicon oxynitridation in N2O has been investigated. From an evaluation of available kinetic data, we have developed a model for the thermal decomposition of gaseous N2O. To quantify heat transfer between the N2O gas and the wall of the furnace, we introduce the concept of referencing to an N2 gas-temperature profile, measured in an oxidation furnace. Using this model...

A simple mathematical model of an indirect-fired strip annealing furnace for real-time control and optimization purposes is developed. The considered furnace is part of a hot-dip galvanizing line and is used for continuous heat treatment of steel strips. The heat that is released during the combustion process inside the radiant tubes is calculated by means of steady-state mass and enthalpy bala...

The crystallization behavior of polycrystalline silicon (Si) and germanium-silicon alloys (GexSil-x) from Sill4 and GeH4, where x is in the range of 0-0.32, has been investigated for thin film transistor (TFT) applications. Furnace anneals as well as rapid thermal anneal (RTA) and combinations of these two techniques have been used to crystallize amorphously deposited thin ( _< 100 nm) films. T...

By analyzing of the tube-type heating furnace features and process, the temperature heating of the furnace was unidirectional, large inertia, heavy lag and changeable, it is hard to build an exact mathematical model confirmed parameters. Applying traditional control theory and method is difficult to achieve perfect control effect. We studied the application of the fuzzy control in tubular furna...

Reaction furnace is the most important part of the Claus sulfur recovery unit and its performance has a significant impact on the process efficiency. Too many reactions happen in the furnace and their kinetics and mechanisms are not completely understood; therefore, modeling reaction furnace is difficult and several works have been carried out on in this regard so far. Equilibrium models are co...