The structure of edge-colored complete graphs containing no properly colored triangles has been characterized by Gallai back in the 1960s. More recently, Cǎda et al. and Fujita independently determined bipartite C 4 . We characterize even cycles, or equivalently, without a 6 In particular, we first deal with simple case 2-edge-colored graphs, using result Yeo. Next, for k ≥ 3, define four class...

Channel errors significantly impair the quality of GSM transmitted speech. In this contribution, we first analyze the speech distortions caused by error control failures or due to the basic frame substitution technique used by the GSM Full Rate. In particular, we show how this frame substitution procedure may introduce frame rate harmonics in the speech spectrum. Then we present algorithms that...

let $g=(v,e)$ be a connected simple graph. a labeling $f:v to z_2$ induces two edge labelings $f^+, f^*: e to z_2$ defined by $f^+(xy) = f(x)+f(y)$ and $f^*(xy) = f(x)f(y)$ for each $xy in e$. for $i in z_2$, let $v_f(i) = |f^{-1}(i)|$, $e_{f^+}(i) = |(f^{+})^{-1}(i)|$ and $e_{f^*}(i) = |(f^*)^{-1}(i)|$. a labeling $f$ is called friendly if $|v_f(1)-v_f(0)| le 1$. for a friendly labeling $f$ of...

For each vertex v in a graph G, let there be associated a subgraph Hv of G. The vertex v is said to dominate Hv as well as dominate each vertex and edge of Hv. A set S of vertices of G is called a full dominating set if every vertex of G is dominated by some vertex of S, as is every edge of G. The minimum cardinality of a full dominating set of G is its full domination number γFH(G). A full dom...

A novel Active Flap System (AFS) has been developed at DTU Wind Energy, as a result of a 3-year R&D project following almost 10 years of innovative research in this field. The full scale AFS comprises an active deformable trailing edge has been tested at the unique rotating test facility at the Risø Campus of DTU Wind Energy in Denmark. The design and instrumentation of the wing section and the...

Transmission function through metallic armchair-edge graphene nanoribbons is calculated within non-equilibrium Green’s function method including full-band electron–opticalphonon interaction. Structures appear in transmission function, which are originated in both zone-center and zone-edge optical-phonon scattering.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to present the outcome of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling flap technique for a treatment-naïve, flat edge (Type II), full-thickness macular hole (MH). METHODS A 52-year-old man presented with complaints of decreased vision and seeing black spot. He was diagnosed to have a flat edge, full-thickness MH, which was confirmed by optical cohere...

We provide first-time fixed-parameter tractability results for the NPhard problems Maximum Full-Degree Spanning Tree and MinimumVertex Feedback Edge Set. These problems are dual to each other: In Maximum Full-Degree Spanning Tree, the task is to find a spanning tree for a given graph that maximizes the number of vertices that preserve their degree. For Minimum-Vertex Feedback Edge Set, the task...