Dual fuel combustion leverages a high-reactivity (HRF) to ignite premixed low reactivity (LRF)–air mixture achieve high efficiencies and engine-out emissions. The difference in the relative amounts of these fuels in-cylinder stratification profoundly impacts dual combustion. effect increasing LRF energy substitution on at various fixed HRF (diesel) quantities was experimentally studied for two ...

Rapidly declining gasoline prices from their record high during the summer of 2008, while ethanol prices remained relatively high, made it difficult for many bio-fuel policy modelers to fully explain the impacts of U.S. bio-fuel policies on fuel prices. Using profitmaximization models for blenders, refiners, and distillers, we conduct a comparative static analysis to measure the relative magnit...

Fuel substitution in OECD-European electricity production is described by a putty-clay formulation. At the time of investment, fuel shares are determined according to a logit model. These fuel shares are maintained throughout the lifetime of the power plants. However, a significant share of capacity is assumed to be flexible. Short-term fuel switching is described by a logit model. An attempt h...

Challenges in forecasting fleet development and deployment are in part due to fuel price uncertainty. To address this issue, a recent study developed an aircraft-specific Leontief technology operating cost model (LM) to compare aircraft costs under fuel price uncertainty. This model considers individual aircraft types to be Leontief technologies, such that the key drivers of cost must be used i...

It was suggested in a previous study that cells of Acinetobacter venetianus VE-C3 adhere to diesel fuel by synthesizing a capsular polysaccharide containing glucose and/or mannose. To study the fine structure of cells and localization of bacterial polysaccharide in the presence of diesel fuel, two lectins were used: ConA, an agglutinin from Canavalia ensiformis specific for mannose and/or gluco...

Abstract Under the goal of carbon neutralization and peak, China’s electric vehicle industry will usher in a high-speed development stage. Electric vehicles can achieve emission reduction from two aspects energy substitution clean substitution. In this paper, benchmark is determined, Bass model used to predict number vehicles. On basis, dioxide emissions reduced when replace fuel meet travel re...