Major pollutants emission from Direct-Injection (D.I) diesel engines are predicted by means of a mathematical model. In order to construct such a model, an integral Multi-Zone Combustion Model (MZCM) is formulated, which basically consists of jet mixing and combustion submodels. In MZCM, variation of injection pressure is considered. Also time period of ignition delay is predicted by considerin...

Recent experimental investigations of combustion in diesel engines showed that the initial premix burn creates pockets of soot and fuel that must burn out in a diffusion-flame mode in order to complete the combustion [5, 6]. Understanding the final stages of this process is critical to predicting the emissions of soot and NOx. This effort uses numerical simulations to investigate burnout of dif...

Introduction The integration of fuel processors, the catalytic units that can convert fossil fuels to hydrogen-rich streams, with hydrogen fuel cells is considered as a promising solution to the problems related to the availability, distribution and storage of hydrogen. Recent computer-based studies have demonstrated the possibility of efficient hydrogen production on-board the vehicles through...

Detailed data and modeling of cyclohexane flames establish that a mixture of pathways contributes to benzene formation and that this mixture changes with stoichiometry. Mole-fraction profiles are mapped for more than 40 species in a fuel-rich, premixed flat flame (/ = 2.0, cyclohexane/O2/30% Ar, 30 Torr, 50.0 cm/s) using molecular-beam mass spectrometry with VUV-photoionization at the Advanced ...

This paper is presented to study the combustion process and emissions in a direct injection diesel engine. Computations are carried out using a three-dimensional model for flows, sprays, combustion and emissions in Diesel engines. Interactions between combustion and emissions with flow field are considered and it is shown that soot mass fraction increases at regions with low turbulence inten...

A Rocket Based Combined Cycle combustor model is tested at a ground direct connected rig to investigate the flame holding characteristics with a small rocket exhaust using liquid kerosene. The total temperature and the Mach number of the vitiated air flow, at exit of the nozzle are 1505 K and 2.6, respectively. The rocket base is embedded in a fuel injecting strut and mounted in the center of t...

Ecological models of behaviour are typically based on the assumption that decisions can be evaluated with a single resource currency. Here we present models that predict the tactics of consumers collecting two nutritionally distinct resources: fuel that is used for activity and food used for growth (F4G). Both models assume that foragers seek to maximize F4G gain subject to collecting enough fu...

Internal combustion (IC) engines serve as a viable small-scale and portable option for electricity generation. While there are several aspects of IC engines that limit their efficiency, one of the major detractors is the unrestrained combustion reaction that is the initial step in the conversion of the chemical bond energy of the fuel into useful work. Another viable small-scale electricity gen...

Concerns about energy security and climate change have sparked legislators’ interest in reducing gasoline consumption by increasing corporate average fuel-economy (CAFE) standards. Using an empirically rich simulation model and cost estimates for anticipated fuel-economy technologies, we estimate annual costs of reducing long-run gasoline consumption by 10% via a 3.8 miles per gallon increase i...

This paper documents the application of exhaust gas fuel reforming of two alternative fuels, biodiesel and bioethanol, in internal combustion engines. The exhaust gas fuel reforming process is a method of on-board production of hydrogen-rich gas by catalytic reaction of fuel and engine exhaust gas. The benefits of exhaust gas fuel reforming have been demonstrated by adding simulated reformed ga...