mashhad plain is one of the most important regions of apple cultivated areas. occurring spring late frost creates a lot of damages on bud and decreasing the yield of apple in this region. assessment and risk modeling of frost damage would be useful to manage and decrease the damage. the study area is a part of khorasan razavi province which is located in mashhad plain. this region is located in...

Frost heave, which is the volumetric expansion of frozen soil, has great ecological significance, since it creates water storage spaces in soils at the beginning of the growing season in cold temperate forests. To understand the characteristics of frost heave in seasonally frozen soil and the factors that impact its extent, we investigated the frost heave rates of forest soil from different dep...

Frost formation on an evaporator causes significant problems by decreasing inlet air flow. It is important for a precise prediction to understand the dominant factor of the frost formation. In this paper, the frost layer on the cold plate is experimentally obtained with different velocities while maintaining a surface temperature at -20 degrees Celsius. The mass and height of the frost layer is...

In this reply, we address and refute each of Norton, Frost, and Ariely’s (2011) specific objections to the conclusion that, ceteris paribus, familiarity breeds liking in live interaction. In particular, we reiterate the importance of studying live interaction rather than decontextualized processes. These rebuttals notwithstanding, we concur with Norton et al.’s call for an integrative model tha...

1. introduction early frost in the autumn and late spring frost are the most common disasters related to the huge agricultural damages in west azerbaijan province. among 39 natural disasters in the world, 7 dominant disasters occur in this region and the frost has the first rank regarding the damage to the public sector and insurance industry in recent years. based on several reports, early spr...

Radiant spring frosts occurring during reproductive developmental stages can result in catastrophic yield loss for wheat producers. To better understand the spatial and temporal variability of frost, the occurrence and impact of frost events on rain-fed wheat production was estimated across the Australian wheatbelt for 1957-2013 using a 0.05 ° gridded weather data set. Simulated yield outcomes ...

In this reply, we address and refute each of Norton, Frost, and Ariely’s (2011) specific objections to the conclusion that, ceteris paribus, familiarity breeds liking in live interaction. In particular, we reiterate the importance of studying live interaction rather than decontextualized processes. These rebuttals notwithstanding, we concur with Norton et al.’s call for an integrative model tha...

The variation in the frost structure on a number of microgrooved brass surfaces is examined through an experimental study. The microgrooved samples are 45 mm x 45 mm in dimension with a broad range of groove dimensions. Frost is grown on these microgrooved surfaces under natural convection for a range of plate temperature (-8 to -18 C) and relative humidity (30-70%) conditions. The frost struct...

This report provides a brief review of key findings related to frost resistance in alpine woody plant species, summarizes data on their frost resistance, highlights the importance of freeze avoidance mechanisms, and indicates areas of future research. Freezing temperatures are possible throughout the whole growing period in the alpine life zone. Frost severity, comprised of both intensity and d...