Almond is one of the most important nut crops in Iran. Due to the suitable climatic conditions, Iran is one of the most important growing centers for wild and domesticated species of almond in world. Native genotypes typically are early flowering, due to late spring frost, often; they have been damaged. So frost damage to the flowers and early developing fruits is one of the most limiting facto...

Cold regional tunnels have been encountering numerous frost damages as a result of dynamic changes in hydrothermal conditions tunnel structural layers. The climate change is recognized major contributor for the problems. In this study, high-speed railway are evaluated under different scenarios based on in-situ data and numerical analysis. Subsequently, effect thicknesses insulation board inside...

The present study examines the effects of historic climate variability on cold-season processes, including soil temperature, frost depth, and the number of frost days and freeze–thaw cycles. Considering the importance of spatial and temporal variability in cold-season processes, the study was conducted in the midwestern United States using both observations and model simulations. Model simulati...

the purpose of this study is estimate waiting time of frost occurrence over iran. the daily data from 663 synoptic and climatology over iran during 1/1/1340 to 11/10/1383 have been used. data interpolated by kriging method on 15ã—15 km pixels. the data base with dimension 15992ã—7187 obtained that on the rows were days and on the column were pixels. by t student test the interval mean of waitin...

Stem tissues of red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera Michx.) acclimated from -3 C to -40 or -50 C in 8 to 10 weeks under a short photoperiod (9 hours) and controlled temperature conditions. During the summer months plants did not acclimate as well as at other times. The sequence of day/night temperature regimes which induced maximum acclimation was 20/15 C for 5 to 6 weeks; 15/5 C for 2 to 3 w...

In seasonally frozen ground, there are many frost problems in highway road tunnel after its excavation due to the heat exchange between cold air and lining structure inside tunnel. To mitigate these frost-related damages, thermal insulation layer is widely used at entrance exit sections of this study, a coupled mathematical model heat, moisture, stress was built for tunnels permafrost regions. ...

Abstract • Key message The increase in climate variability is likely to generate an increased occurrence of both frost-induced and drought-induced damages on perennial plants. We examined how these stress factors can potentially interact would subsequently affect the vulnerability each other. Furthermore, we discussed this could be modulated by shifts annual phenological cycle. Context edges pl...

the presence of yield systematic risk in agricultural sector is one of the main reasons for facing this sector with huge damages and is one of the restricting factors in developing agricultural insurance in iran. this study explores the presence of systematic yield risk and the extent and severity of yield spatial dependence for apple production in iran. to this end, the apple production region...

A universal infrastructural issue is wetting of surfaces; millions dollars are invested annually for rehabilitation and maintenance infrastructures including roadways buildings to fix the damages caused by moisture frost. The biomimicry lotus leaf can provide superhydrophobic surfaces that repel water droplets, thus reducing penetration moisture, which linked with many deterioration mechanisms ...