Contract dispute resolution has become an important aspect in the negotiating process. Objective and effective contract dispute resolution can reduce the high transaction cost and time in the negotiation process. This paper proposes a principle-based contract dispute negotiation system based on expert system and knowledge resource space model (KRSM). The system provides an accurate and objectiv...

We explore states’ decisions to escalate disputes over their territorial claims or settle them peacefully. We complement existing arguments by accounting for the fact that states are often simultaneously entangled in multiple territorial claims. We build on previous scholarship in positing that two states involved in a territorial dispute will act based on information they glean from each other...

Understanding the causes of interstate conflict continues to be a primary goal of the field of international relations. To that end, scholars continue to rely on large datasets of conflict in the international system. This paper introduces the latest iteration in the most widely used dataset on interstate conflicts, the Militarized Interstate Dispute (MID) 4 data. In this paper we first outline...

abstractgiven the importance of the notion of efficiency in the country's economic growth, measuring the efficiency and the technology gap for various industries in order to achieve the best possible resource assignment, following the declared policy goals, is of particular importance for those countries, such as iran, which are now at the early stages of the industrialization process. hen...

Real-world dispute resolution should be guided by laws, even if such disputes may be resolved by bodies other than the court of laws. Hence in order to build contract dispute resolution systems we need a tool capable of representing, reasoning and programming with contract laws. In this paper we present such a tool called MoDiSo (MOdular Argumentation for DIspute ReSOlution) which combines the ...

This paper investigates how contract structure influences interfirm dispute resolution processes and outcomes by examining a unique dataset consisting of over 150,000 pages of documents relating to 102 business disputes. We find that the level of contract detail affects the type of dispute resolution approach that is adopted when conflict arises, and that different approaches are associated wit...

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) has attracted a great deal of attention amongst the legal and construction professions of the UK construction industry since the mid1980s. Not only does ADR provide an opportunity to resolve disputes more efficiently than the traditional methods of arbitration and litigation, but it also provides increased scope for the involvement of non-lawyers. Constructi...

Over the last couple of decades, there has been a growing awareness in academic and policymaking circles regarding the importance of institutions for economic development. Institutions constitute the rules of the game in a society or, more precisely, the restrictions designed by members of a society to influence human interaction. Any transformation affecting these rules may clearly have a dire...

This Article describes briefly the way in which the system now operates and the major complaints that have been lodged against it. DISPUTE SETTLEMENT IN GATT