This paper analyzes the evolution of Milton Friedman’s thinking about bailouts. It covers bailouts commercial banks, shadow banks and other financial firms, manufacturing governments, markets, cases where term is commonly used. based on his academic writings many interviews, op-eds, letters to editor, so through which he communicated views during after transition from professor public intellect...

In hierarchical-design experiments researchers need to test for nested effects, but sometimes parametric assumptions are violated. We show that the Kruskal-Wallis (K-W) rank test can be extended to test for such effects. Let B = b1 . . . bh be the tested effect, and A = a1 . . . ag be the effect immediately above it in the hierarchy. If one calculates separate K-W statistics for the effect B at...

The use of codon substitution models to compare synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates is a widely used approach to detecting positive Darwinian selection affecting protein evolution. However, in several recent papers, Hughes and colleagues claim that codon-based likelihood-ratio tests (LRTs) are logically flawed as they lack prior hypotheses and fail to accommodate random fluctuations...

The non-singular, oscillating Friedman cosmology within the framework of General Relativity is considered. The general oscillatory solution given in terms of elliptic functions and the conditions for its existence are discussed. It is shown that the wall-like-matter and the small, but negative cosmological constant are required for oscillations. The oscillations can , in principle, be deep enou...

H. Friedman obtained remarkable results about the longest finite sequence x such that for all i 6= j the word x[i..2i] is not a subsequence of x[j..2j]. In this note we consider what happens when “subsequence” is replaced by “subword”.

We introduce a new statistical quantity the energy to test whether two samples originate from the same distributions. The energy is a simple logarithmic function of the distances of the observations in the variate space. The distribution of the test statistic is determined by a resampling method. The power of the energy test in one dimension was studied for a variety of different test samples a...