The crystal delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is less toxic to larvae of Anopheles freeborni than to larvae of Aedes aegypti. However, when solubilized crystal was used, larvae from both species showed similar sensitivities. This effect presumably was due to the differences in feeding behavior between the two mosquito larvae when crystal preparations are used. A proce...

Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice develop hepatic granulomas, immediate hypersensitivity (IH), and delayed hypersensitivity (DH) to soluble egg antigens (SEA) released by parasite eggs trapped in liver sinusoids. All of these responses spontaneously regress after 7 to 9 weeks of infection. This study aimed to develop an in vivo system for the further dissection of cellular and humoral immune ...

To evaluate the thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAAm) polymer as an adjuvant, we synthesized PNiPAAm through free radical polymerization and characterized it both in vitro and in vivo. The polymer when mixed with collagen type II (CII) induced antigen-specific autoimmunity and arthritis. Mice immunized with PNiPAAm-CII developed significant levels of CII-specific IgG response ...

Chemokines and adhesion molecules up-regulated in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) during tissue inflammation are thought to enhance dendritic cell (DC) migration to draining lymph nodes, but the in vivo control of this process is not well understood. We performed a transcriptional profiling analysis of LECs isolated from murine skin and found that inflammation induced by a contact hypersensi...

Renal glomerular lesions were induced by rabbit serum containing antibody to rat collagen injected intravenously into rats prepared with subcutaneously administered Freund adjuvant. Neither the anti-collagen serum nor the adjuvant alone induced the lesion. The lesions were characterized by diffuse glomerular injury with swelling, shredding, and fusion of the basement membranes, crescent formati...

Anti-inflammatory potency of 5-hydroxypyrimidine derivatives SNK-411 (2-isobutyl-4,6-dimethyl-5-hydroxypirimidine) and SNK-578 (hydrochloride 2-isobutyl-4,6-dimethyl-5-hydroxypirimidine) was evaluated on the model complete Freund`s adjuvant (CFA)-induced exudative inflammation in experiment 60 outbreed male rats weighing 180–200 g comparison with prednisolone. Prednisolone, were injected twice:...

Protein antigens I, I/II, II, and III were prepared from Streptococcus mutans (serotype c). Their immunogenicities and protective effects against dental caries were investigated in 40 rhesus monkeys kept entirely on a human-type diet, containing about 15% sucrose. Antigens I, I/II and, to a lesser extent, antigen II induced significant reductions in dental caries, as compared with sham-immunize...

The production of EAE in the fully susceptible BSVS mouse genotype has been found to be dependent on the ratio of proteolipid antigen and adjuvant mycobacterial concentration as used in the emulsion, of the Freund type. Disturbance of this ratio, by manipulation of either component, by diminution or increase, results in a decrease in the frequency by which EAE is produced. Simultaneous reductio...

The synthetic disaccharide 3-O-alpha-tyvelopyranosyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside, identical to the O antigen 9 determinant in Salmonella, covalently linked to bovine serum albumin and suspended in Freund complete adjuvant, was used as an immunogen in mice. Antibodies in high titer were formed against the O9 determinant as estimated by a bactericidal assay, whereas only low titers of hemagglutinatin...