Community structure has been widely identified as a feature of many real-world networks. It has been shown that the antigenic diversity of a pathogen population can be significantly affected by the contact network of its hosts; however, the effects of community structure have not yet been explored. Here, we examine the congruence between patterns of antigenic diversity in pathogen populations i...

to study the population structure of decapods in the intertidal zone of bushehr rocky shores, some random sample collection from four rocky and rubble shores of bushehr were done using a 50×50 quadrates sampling unit, in four successive seasons from autumn 2009 to summer 2010. totally 8 speciesbelonging to 5 family of decapods were identified and counted. in the whole course of sample collectio...

In a frequency-selective fading channel, the performance of non-spread-spectrum singlecarrier (SC) transmission degrades significantly due to severe intersymbol interference (ISI). The joint use of space–time transmit diversity (STTD), receive antenna diversity and frequency-domain minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalisation in non-spread SC transmission is studied. Space–time encoding and de...

background and objectives: this study was undertaken to determine the relationship between food security and individual dietary diversity score (idds). materials and methods: this population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 non-diabetic individuals aged ≥40 years, selected randomly from the tehran lipid and glucose study. household food security was measured using a validated un...

Bacterial abundance, biomass, cell volume, and morphological diversity were studied in sediment samples collected from the coastal area of the eastern mid Adriatic Sea. Samples from the topmost 10 cm of sediment were taken monthly from January to December 2002. The number of bacteria varied from 3.54 x 109 cells g–1 in July to 8.08 x 109 cells g–1 in September. Biomass was lowest in May (78 μg ...

Evolutionary genetics studies the patterns and mechanisms of genetic changes underlying evolutionary change. Because biological diversity at all levels (including population, species, and ecosystem diversity) has a genetic basis and is a result of evolution, evolutionary genetics provides insight into the ultimate mechanisms creating biodiversity. Evolutionary genetics utilizes empirical tools ...