The study sets out to examine the achievements Junior Secondary Schools students in essay writing in French using activity based and lecture methods. It adopts the quasi experimental research design. A French achieving test for junior secondary school III was used for data collection, it was analysed using mean, standard deviation and analysis of covariance. It eventually comes out with the vie...

Background Fish is counted among the major allergenic foods causing mild to severe IgE-mediated reactions. Parvalbumin (PV), a highly stable muscle protein, has been described as the fish panallergen in different fishes. School shark (Galeorhinus galeus), a cartilaginous fish called ‘petite roussette’, is a popular food fish in the French cuisine. In this study, we aimed at identifying putative...

In the French educational system, difficulties which occur in the first years of primary school are perceived to be rarely overcome and to have a negative effect on the child’s future achievement at school. It is therefore important to attempt to identify precursors of failure in the first years of elementary education, both individual ones and contextual ones at the school level. The present s...

I thank Karl Diether for research assistance. I thank Malcolm Baker, Gene Fama, Ken French, and Jeff Wurgler for supplying data. I thank Eugene Fama and seminar participants at the London School of Economics, New York University Stern School, and the University of Chicago for helpful comments. I gratefully acknowledge support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Center for Research in Secur...