The patent laws are in the U.S. Constitution dating back from 1790 to 1793 to promote, as articulated by one of the framers, Thomas Jefferson, and protect ‘any new and useful art, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new or useful improvement thereof ’. Although the U.S. Congress in 1952 replaced the word ‘art’ with the word ‘process’, the Congress, as well as the courts, have...

This paper deals with sensor fault detection (FD) for discrete-time switched systems subject to bounded disturbances. A novel approach is investigated construct residual framers using interval observer L∞ performance. The proposed technique used provide more degrees of design freedom and obtain accurate FD results. conditions the are given in terms Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) adopting fir...

The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on the economic sector, including agricultural sector. This research will look at sector's condition, especially welfare of farmers represented in value Framers' Term Trade (FTT) during and forecast FTT for September 2020. uses Farmers' data obtained from Indonesian Statistics Bureau (BPS). were used January 2016 to August Single Exponential Smoothing (SES), ...

In 2011, Peterson suggested that the main reason why C.H. Waddington was essentially ignored by the framers of the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1950s was because they were Cartesian reductionists and mathematical population geneticists while he was a Whiteheadian organicist and experimental geneticist who worked with Drosophila. This paper suggests a further reason that can only be seen...

A great deal of concern has now been expressed about the authoritarian population control policies adopted by Asian countries such as Vietnam, India, and particularly China. Many of these autocratic policies and certainly the Chinese “one child policy” have failed in part because the framers of these policies have attempted to unsuccessfully circumvent a long standing cultural desire for male c...

Sugar dictated the fortunes of many countries in British Empire nineteenth century. With abolition slavery, thousands indentured labour or coolies from Indian subcontinent, filled gap. The word coolie was derogatory, referring to a marginalized underclass, whereas coolitude evokes and acknowledges agency. Our article revolves around question: How does historical lens evoke understandings ethnic...