Using the piecewise monotone property, we give a full description of non-monotonicity height of PM functions with a single fort on compact interval. This method is also available for general PM functions with finitely many forts, as well as those functions defined on the whole real line. Finally, we obtain a sufficient and necessary condition for the finite non-monotonicity height by characteri...

Object-oriented development of real-time systems is becoming more and more prevalent. Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standardized notation for describing object-oriented software design. While using UML to specify real-time systems, the formal validation of certain timing constraints becomes critical for the success of object-oriented development of real-time systems. Current development ...

The Dondae forts of Ganghwa Island in the late Joseon dynasty are significant as a maritime defense heritage. Thus far, research on has focused historical sources. This study concentrates essential interpretation to comprehend vernacular architectural characteristics fixed facility. Confirming purpose construction provides deeper understanding appearance beyond current modified Dondae. utilizes...

During European prehistory, hilltop enclosures made from polydisperse particle-and-block stone walling were exposed to temperatures sufficient to partially melt the constituent stonework, leading to the preservation of glassy walls called 'vitrified forts'. During vitrification, the granular wall rocks partially melt, sinter viscously and densify, reducing inter-particle porosity. This process ...