elm (ulmus glabra hudson) is one of the most valuable species which distribute all over the caspian forests. nowadays, elm is considered an endangered species due to intensive human activities and outbreak of dutch elm disease over the last few decades. to suitable management of elm, there is need to have indices which describe; current structure and its changes across the time. this study besi...

estimating the amount of variation due to spatial dependence at different scales provides a basis for designing effective experiments. accurate knowledge of spatial structures is needed to inform silvicultural guidelines and management decisions for long term sustainability of forests. furthermore, geostatistics is a useful tool to describe and draw map the spatial variability and estimation of...

the assessment of the quantitative and qualitative changes, the result of the impacts imposed by natural factors, and human interventions during specific sampling periods has a substantial influence on nature, management method and tending operation of every region’s forests. the present research was carried out in golestan province forests (iran) over an 11- year period and the obtained statis...

Resource sustainability requires a thorough understanding of the influence of forest management programs on the conservation of genetic diversity in tree populations. To observe how differences in forest management affect the genetic structure of Fagus orientalis Lipsky (oriental beech), we evaluated thirteen beech sites across Hyrcanian forests, based on six microsatellite loci. Significant di...

Both habitat filters and spatial processes can influence community structure. Space alone affects species immigration from the regional species pool, whereas habitat filters affect species distribution and inter-specific interactions. This study aimed to understand how the interplay between environmental and geographical processes influenced the structure of Neotropical snake communities in dif...

Landscape structure in a forest mosaic changes with spatial scale (i.e. spatial extent) and thresholds may occur where structure changes markedly. Forest management alters landscape structure and may affect the intensity and location of thresholds. Our purpose was to examine landscape structure at different scales to determine thresholds where landscape structure changes markedly in managed for...

Aims Both human and non-human determinants have shaped Mediterranean forest structure over the last few millennia. The effects of recent human activities on forest composition, however, remain poorly understood. We quantified changes in forest composition during the past century in the mixed forests of Quercus suber (cork oak) and Q. canariensis (Algerian oak), and explored the effects of fores...

In this paper, we present an efficient index structure for NAND flash memory, called the Dynamic Forest (D-Forest). Since write operations incur high overhead on NAND flash memory, D-Forest is designed to minimize write operations for index updates. The experimental results show that D-Forest significantly reduces write operations compared to the conventional B+-tree. key words: NAND flash memo...

The paper presents the importance of research which characterizes the natural forest structure for the forest management. The lessons learned in these particular forest ecosystems can be integrated by the forest management objectives, in order to increase the sustainability of this type of resources. The project NATFORMAN was focused on the structure of the natural forest, thus research methodo...

resource sustainability requires a thorough understanding of the influence of forest management programs on the conservation of genetic diversity in tree populations. to observe how differences in forest management affect the genetic structure of fagus orientalis lipsky (oriental beech), we evaluated thirteen beech sites across hyrcanian forests, based on six microsatellite loci. significant di...