objective: knowledge about the internal anatomy of the root canal and apical foramen is a critical prerequisite for root canal therapy and is necessary for the success of endodontic treatment. this study aimed to determine the distance of apical foramen from the anatomical apex and apical constriction, evaluate the deviation of apical foramen from the anatomical apex and specify the most common...

The greater wing of the human sphenoid bone is pierced by several foramina, which contain, as a main element, the venous anastomoses between the interior of the skull and the extracranial veins. Since data concerning these foramina are scarce in the literature, studies comprising the frequency of occurrence and morphology of the foramina of the greater wing of the human sphenoid bone were under...

OBJECTIVES Foramen Vesalius is an inconstant foramen that gives passage to an emissary vein that connects pterygoid venous plexus with cavernous sinus, the importance of which lies in the fact that an infected thrombus from an extracranial source may reach cavernous sinus. This study presents some data on characteristics of foramen vesalius. METHODS We studied 70 sides of 35 dried adult human...

The aim of this study was to determine the position, shape, number and radiographic appearance of the mental foramen in a selected Kosovarian population. Five hundred panoramic radiographs of dental Kosovarian patients were selected and analyzed according to the mental foramen position, shape, radiographic appearance, number and symmetry. The mean distance in the horizontal plane of the mental ...

The foramen of Vesalius is a small, variable but consistently symmetrical structure located anteromedial to the foramen ovale and lateral to the foramen rotundum and vidian canal. It transmits an emissary vein through which the cavernous sinus and pterygoid plexus communicate. Fifty high-resolution CT scans of the skull base and two three-dimensional (Cemax) reconstructions were reviewed to det...

BACKGROUND The mental foramen is a strategically important landmark during osteotomy procedures. Its location and the possibility that an anterior loop of the mental nerve may be present mesial to the mental foramen needs to be considered before implant surgery to avoid mental nerve injury. METHODS Articles that addressed the position, number, and size of the mental foramen, mental nerve anat...

BACKGROUND The foramen magnum is an important anatomical opening in the base of the skull through which the posterior cranial fossa communicates with the vertebral canal. It is also related to a number of pathological conditions including Chiari malformations, various tumours, and occipital dysplasias. The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphology of the foramen magnum in adult individual...

The usual causes of obstruction at the foramen of Monro are neoplasm of the 3rd ventricle, ventriculitis, intraventricular haemorrhage, arteriovenous malformation, subependymal gliosis and overdrainage of one lateral ventricle following a shunt operation. resulting in functional occlusion of the foramen of Monro (1-4,7-11,13).Congenital atresia of the foramen of Monro is rare (12·14). Obstructi...