Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can be spread by a variety of mechanisms and the rate of spread, the incubation period and the severity of disease depend on a multitude of parameters, including the strain of virus, the dose received, the route of introduction, the animal species and the husbandry conditions. More knowledge with regard to these parameters is urgently needed to improve resour...

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Pakistan and Afghanistan. The FMD virus serotypes O, A and Asia-1 are responsible for the outbreaks in these countries. Diverse strains of FMDV, even within the same serotype, co-circulate. Characterization of the viruses in circulation can facilitate appropriate vaccine selection and tracing of outbreaks. The present study characterized foot-and-mouth...

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is one of the major public-health problems in China. Based on the HFMD data of the Department of Health of Shandong Province, we propose a dynamic model with periodic transmission rates to investigate the seasonal HFMD. After evaluating the basic reproduction number, we analyze the dynamical behaviors of the model and simulate the HFMD data of Shandong Provin...

A particular genetic lineage of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O, which we have named the PanAsia strain, was responsible for an explosive pandemic in Asia and extended to parts of Africa and Europe from 1998 to 2001. In 2000 and 2001, this virus strain caused outbreaks in the Republic of Korea, Japan, Russia, Mongolia, South Africa, the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, France...

BACKGROUND A large number of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreaks was reported during 2008 in China. However, little is known about the effects of meteorological conditions on different temporal and spatial scales on HFMD incidence in children. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between meteorological data on various temporal and spatial scales and HFMD incidence amo...

An improved temperature-shift selection and screening method is described for the isolation of temperature-sensitive mutants of foot and mouth disease virus.

Antigenic variation of type Asia 1 foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus in Thailand was examined using a total of 50 field viruses isolated between 1986 and 1992. A two-dimensional serum neutralisation test was used to calculate r values for comparison of these isolates with a reference vaccine strain, Asia 1 Bangkok 1960 (BKK/60). Viruses were also compared to two field isolates, Asia 1 36-2/88 ...

Comparison of nucleotide sequences of the partial 1D region of foot-and-mouth disease type C viruses of Indian origin with those of European, South American, and Southeast Asian viruses revealed that the Indian viruses form a distinct genotype. The vaccine strain C IND/51/79 belongs to this genotype and may be a prototype strain of this genotype.

OBJECTIVE To estimate potential spread of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) if introduced from wild pigs in California and to evaluate efficacies of various control strategies. SAMPLE POPULATION Data for California livestock and from hunter surveys on wild pigs in California. PROCEDURES A spatial, stochastic simulation model was used to simulate FMD epidemics that might occur if a dairy or beef ...