Long’s Interactional Input Hypothesis and Smith’s Input Enhancement Hypothesis hold both foci on Zellig Harris's (1976) formalist approach. Accordingly, the pivotal role of learner’s attention as one of the subcomponents of focus-on-form approach may have confused instruction types. However, whether such learning theories on drawing learners' attention on target language forms suit all types of...

Despite courts’ and commentators’ denial of morality and focus on efficiency in contract law, fairness and flexibility have remained the bedrocks of the unconscionability doctrine. This Article therefore departs from the popular formalist critiques of unconscionability that urge for the doctrine’s demise or constraint based on claims that its flexibility and lack of clear definition threaten ef...

We give general definitions of logical frameworks and logics. Examples include the logical frameworks LF and Isabelle and the logics represented in them. We apply this to give general definitions for equivalence of logics, translation between logics, and combination of logics. We also establish general criteria for the soundness and completeness of these. Our key messages are that the syntax an...

Within the past three years, several new AI textbooks have been published, all written by well-known researchers (Dean, Allen, and Aloiminos 1995; Russell and Norvig 1995; Shoham 1994; Ginsberg 1993). Thus, it is not surprising that the authors of each of these textbooks have sought a way to distinguish their own book from the rest. The hook for Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig's new textbook, A...