long-term exposure to high concentrations of fluoride is associated with several adverse effects on human including dental and skeletal fluorosis. we studied all the groundwater wells located in rural areas of khaf city, razavi province, northeastern iran between 2009 and 2010. fluoride concentration of water samples was measured by spadns method. we found that in rural areas the fluoride conce...

An equation is derived for values of bond angles for two equivalent best spd hybrid bond orbitals with given amounts of s, p, and d character, and is applied in the discussion of structures of transargononic compounds, including the xenon and halogen fluorides. Bond orbitals with a rather small amount of d character tend to lie at angles 90 degrees and 180 degrees , and those with a larger amou...

A new biaryl monophosphine ligand (AlPhos, L1) allows for the room-temperature Pd-catalyzed fluorination of a variety of activated (hetero)aryl triflates. Furthermore, aryl triflates and bromides that are prone to give mixtures of regioisomeric aryl fluorides with Pd-catalysis can now be converted to the desired aryl fluorides with high regioselectivity. Analysis of the solid-state structures o...

Various authors have shown that the caries decline in the industrialized countries during recent decades is based on the use of fluorides, of which local fluoride application in the form of fluoridated toothpastes is of primary importance. The caries-protective potential of fluorapatite is quite low; in contrast, dissolved fluorides in the vicinity of enamel are effective both in promoting remi...

The nucleophilic substitution of alkyl fluorides was achieved in the intramolecular reactions with O- and N-nucleophiles. The intramolecular defluorinative cyclization reaction was influenced by the nature of nucleophiles, the size of the ring to be formed, and the comformational rigidity of the precursors. Intermolecular nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl fluorides under similar reac...

An innovative trihexylsilylacetylene-containing BODIPY dye was designed and proved to be a highly selective, sensitive, and fast chromogenic and fluorescent chemodosimeter for fluorides.

Slipped epiphysis of the head of the femur is one of the common orthopedic disorders of adolescents, yet little is known of its etiology. Various factors have been suggested as the cause of slipped epiphysis, including abnormalities of the bone or cartilage in the head of the femur-'l such as those brought about by endocrine irregularities,8'7'9-'6ls9128l'9 ""-"1 trauma,5,t-* mechanical factors...