The purpose of this report is to describe the use of flumazenil as a diagnostic aid in the differential diagnosis of coma in a patient with an inadvertent overdose of benzodiazepines. We report a patient with suspected septic encephalopathy whose level of consciousness markedly improved following flumazenil administration. Subsequent analysis revealed the presence of benzodiazepines and their m...

The effects of the benzodiazepine receptor antagonists flumazenil (10, 20, and 30 mglkg) and CGS 8216 (10, 20, and 30 mglkg), the benzodiazepine receptor inverse-agonist methyl {3-carboline3-carboxylate ({3-CCM; 0.3, 0.6, and 1.0 mglkg), and the benzodiazepine receptor agonist diazepam (3 mglkg) were investigated on spatial learning in the Morris water maze and thigmotaxia in an open field. Flu...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Flumazenil was administered after the completion of endoscopy under sedation to reduce recovery time and increase patient safety. We evaluated patient satisfaction after endoscopy under sedation according to the timing of a postprocedural flumazenil injection. METHODS In total, 200 subjects undergoing concurrent colonoscopy and upper endoscopy while sedated with midazolam and ...

Positive GABAA modulators and other sedatives, anxiolytics, and anticonvulsants were used to evaluate mechanisms underlying the discriminative stimulus effects of midazolam in untreated monkeys and of flumazenil in monkeys treated with diazepam (5.6 mg/kg/day). Positive GABAA modulators at benzodiazepine (e.g., flunitrazepam and abecarnil) and neuroactive steroid sites (e.g., androsterone) subs...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine intralingual (IL) and submucosal (SM) delivery offlumazenil as viable alternatives to immediate intravenous (IV) administration for reversing benzodiazepine sedation in an animal model. METHODS A dog animal model was chosen based upon comparable body weight to children (12-17 kg) and the ease of oral access in this species. Research design was ...

Benzodiazepine overdose is the most commonly encountered drug overdose in Iran. It has been reported by many authors that flumazenil possesses highly specific antagonistic activity on central benzodiazepine receptors. We conducted a prospective study on 150 patients brought to the toxicology emergency ward in Loghman-Hakim hospital with benzodiazepine overdose to assess the efficacy of flu...

Benzodiazepine have been shown to suppress ventilatory responses to hyperoxic hypercapnia (HCVR) and isocapnic HVR when taken parenterally. Most patients would, however, prefer to take an oral rather than parenteral preparation but the effect of oral benzodiazepine on these ventilatory responses has not been well studied. We therefore studied the effect of oral midazolam (7.5 mg) and diazepam (...