A novel discrete element spray granulation model capturing the key features of fluidised bed hydrodynamics, liquid-solid contacting and agglomeration is presented. The model computes the motion of every individual particle and droplet in the system, considering the gas phase as a continuum. Micro scale processes such as particle-particle collisions, droplet-particle coalescence and agglomeratio...

A model for simulating the drying of paddy (Oryza sativa L.) in a continuous fluidised bed dryer was employed. Equipment and material models were applied to describe process. The equipment based on differential equations obtained by applying mass energy balances each element dryer. In case model, heat transfer rates single isolated particle considered. Simulation results verified comparison wit...

Three alternative condensing mode power and combined heat and power (CHP) waste-to-energy concepts were compared in terms of their impacts on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from a heat and power generation system. The concepts included (i) grate, (ii) bubbling fluidised bed (BFB) and (iii) circulating fluidised bed (CFB) combustion of waste. The BFB and CFB take advantage of advanced combus...

The present review provides an understanding of principles of struvite crystallisation and examines the techniques and processes experimented to date by researchers at laboratory, pilot and full scale to maximise phosphorus removal and reuse as struvite from wastewater effluents. Struvite is mainly known as a scale deposit causing concerns to wastewater companies. Indeed struvite naturally occu...

Solid exchange between the bubble wake and the emulsion phase in a gas-fluidised bed was studied both experimentally and theoretically. Measurements were made on the tracer particle concentration profile produced after a single bubble passage in a two-dimensional bed, and the solid exchange coefficients were estimated with the results of simultaneous measurements on the shape, the size and the ...

BACKGROUND Biomass and municipal solid waste offer sustainable sources of energy; for example to meet heat and electricity demand in the form of combined cooling, heat and power. Combustion of biomass has a lesser impact than solid fossil fuels (e.g. coal) upon gas pollutant emissions, whilst energy recovery from municipal solid waste is a beneficial component of an integrated, sustainable wast...