Endoparasitic wasps are able to develop inside permissive host insects due to their ability to overcome or evade the host's immune system. In the present study, we provide experimental evidence that ovarian calyx fluid of the ichneumonid endoparasitoid Venturia canescens has the potential to alter host haemocyte spreading and inhibit host haemolymph melanisation due to the presence of a putativ...

conclusion results reinforced the pivotal role of vascular geometry, with respect to hemodynamics, together with the importance of performing patient-specific cfd analyses, through which the effect of different blood flow conditions on the aneurysm hemodynamics could be evaluated. objectives this study aimed to investigate the effects of variations in heart rate and internal carotid artery (ica...

PURPOSE To assess the efficacy of novel vitreous cutter blades compared with the regular guillotine by means of particle image velocimetry. Tested blades included a regular blade (RB) and newer designs where a circular (hole blade [HB]) or a slit aperture (slit blade [SB]) had been opened proximal to the cutting edge. METHODS Twenty-three-gauge probes were immersed in BSS or egg albumen, and ...

asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. the available treatment options have major limitations owing to low efficacy, associated adverse events and compliance issues. therefore, the health burden of bronchial asthma is increasing globally at an alarming rate, providing a strong impetus for the development of new therapeutics. onosma bracteatum ( o. bracteatum ) is known tradit...

Progenitor cells in the bone marrow and the spleen of mice, whether infected with Schistosoma japonicum or not, formed cell clusters and colonies when incubated with culture supernatant fluid of spleen cells incubated with soluble egg antigen (SEA). The egg extract, up to a concentration of 250 micrograms/ml protein, did not directly stimulate progenitor cell proliferation in the bone marrow. E...

Variation in size at hatching is common in demersal spawning organisms, suggesting that processes during embryonic development may be critical in determining growth and development. To examine critical periods during embryonic development in the demersal spawning reef fish Amphiprion melanopus, the rate of oxygen consumption within an egg clutch was compared to morphological changes in the embr...

conditions (Barth, 1946; Gregg, 1962; Moore, 1940; Savage, 1935), which can result in slowed development and decreased survival (Mills and Barnhart, 1999). Oxygen partial pressures below 1.5 kPa have been reported within egg masses of several species (Bachmann et al., 1986; Pinder and Friet, 1994; Seymour et al., 1995; Seymour and Roberts, 1991). There are two major causes of hypoxia in amphibi...

During a fruit-fly egg cell’s early development, its internal fluid begins to swirl in vortex—a transition caused by the coordinated behavior of elastic filaments cell.

Eggs of the Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis, are strongly attached to each other to form 0.5-5.5m long and 1-6 cm wide floating jelly strands or ribbons. The processes involved in the initiation of egg attachment were investigated in the present study. Eggs are released together with small amounts of ovarian fluid. When the eggs come in contact with water, a fibrous jelly-like structure is fo...

Spermatozoa normally encounter the egg at the fertilization site (in the Fallopian tube) within 24 hr after ovulation. A considerable fraction of the spermatozoa ejaculated into the female reproductive tract of mammals remains motionless in storage sites until ovulation, when the spermatozoa resume maximal motility and reach the fertilization site within minutes. The nature of the signal for sp...