Some recent analytical sensors based on electrochemical and optical detection coupled with different flow techniques have been chosen in this overview. A brief description of fundamental concepts and applications of each flow technique, such as flow injection analysis (FIA), sequential injection analysis (SIA), all injection analysis (AIA), batch injection analysis (BIA), multicommutated FIA (M...

Flow injection analysis (FIA) is an analytical chemical continuous-flow (CF) method which in contrast to traditional CF-procedures does not rely on complete physical mixing (homogenisation) of the sample and the reagent(s) or on attaining chemical equilibria of the chemical reactions involved. Exploiting controllable dispersion of the injected sample within the reagent-containing carrier stream...

The ultimate aim of any instrumentation must be 'sample in-result out in 1-2 min.'. This specification has been the reason for the phenomenal success of flame analysis, it is the reason for the now remarkable success of the near infra-red analysis for protein, fat etc. and for the continuing research after more than 60 years into all methods of electrode measurements. Yet Flow-Injection Analysi...