Design of a natural dry cooling tower has been accomplished in two sections: the design of heat exchangers and the numerical solution of flow through the tower. Heat exchanger (Heller type) has been simulated thermodynamically and then coupled with a computer program, which calculated the turbulent natural convection flow through the tower. The computer program developed for this purpose can be...

due to high applicability of the fixed bed catalytic naphtha reforming reactors, hydrodynamic features of this kind of reactors with radial flow pattern are improved in this work by utilising computational fluid dynamics technique. effects of catalytic bed porosity, inlet flow rate and flow regime through the bed on the flow distribution within the system are investigated.it is found that the f...

abstract weirs are the most common structures for discharge measurement in engineering research. streamline curvature, non hydrostatic pressure distribution on weir and nappe adherence to the weir lead to differences between calculated and measured discharges. thus discharge coefficient, which is the ratio of real and theoretic discharges, is usually less than unity. in circular weirs the press...

Conventional passive distribution networks are changing to modern active distribution networks which are not radial. Conventional load flow methods should be modified for new distribution networks analysis. In modern distribution networks distributed generation (DG) units are embedded with conventional and/or renewable resources. DG units are generally modeled as PV or PQ nodes which inject ...

introduction: for a velocity profile in turbulent flows, the flow conditions in the vicinity of the wall are described by logarithmic law of the wall. however, it has been extensively verified that the log-law does not apply in the outer region of the boundary layer. for example, in free surface flows, the law of the wall holds only for 20 percent of the flow depth from the wall. coles (1956) c...

in order to present a new and high performance structure of pem fuel cell and study the influence of the flow direction and distribution on the rate of reactants diffusion, three novel models of vertical reactant flow injection into the anode and cathode reaction area field have been introduced. they consist of one inlet and two inlets and also a continuous channel. the governing equations on t...

Practical concept of velocity distribution of pressure flow in the bends is interesting and hence, the professional engineering design has been investigated in the current study. This paper shows that velocity distribution in the bends can be analyzed in terms of the probability distributions. The concept of entropy based on the probability is an applied and new approach to achieve velocity pro...

The recent penetration of renewable sources in the energy system caused a transformation of the needs of the distribution system and amplified the need of energy storage systems to properly balance the electricity grid. Among electrochemical energy storage devices, all vanadium flow batteries are those of the most promising technologies due to their high efficiency, long lifetime, reliability a...