Mobile ad hoc networks usually use various forms of flooding to discover the location and route of a node or to diffuse a given message. Flooding is useful because it finds a good path to a destination or quickly diffuses the message all over the network. With the flooding, however, also comes the problem of propagating many unnecessary messages throughout the network. In this paper, first, we ...

Much research has been conducted on the changes in gene expression of the model plant Arabidopsis to low-oxygen stress. Flooding results in a low oxygen environment in the root zone. However, there is ample evidence that tolerance to soil flooding is more than tolerance to low oxygen alone. In this study, we investigated the physiological response and differential expression of root-related tra...

Soybean is sensitive to flooding stress and exhibits reduced growth under flooding conditions. To better understand the flooding-responsive mechanisms of soybean, the effect of exogenous calcium on flooding-stressed soybeans was analyzed using proteomic technique. An increase in exogenous calcium levels enhanced soybean root elongation and suppressed the cell death of root tip under flooding st...

Background In Argentina, most poplar plantations are located at the Paraná River Delta. Climate change models indicate an increase of flooding events for the next decades in this area. Therefore, poplar genotypes with a higher flooding tolerance will be needed for the forest activity. Whether this aim is achieved through traditional breeding or biotechnological developments, it will be importan...

Poor water management usually leads to various degrees of flooding in the hydrogen type fuel cell, affecting both the instantaneous performance and the long-term durability of the system adversely. While a lot of fuel cell diagnostic tools exist that could be utilized for the flooding diagnostics, most of these approaches are intrusive, requiring special modification to the fuel cell that affec...

A new method for flood detection change detection and thresholding (CDAT) was used with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery to delineate the extent of flooding for the Chobe floodplain in the Caprivi region of Namibia. This region experiences annual seasonal flooding and has seen a recent renewal of severe flooding after a long dry period in the 1990s. Flooding in this area has caused loss o...

1 Plant species are known to segregate along small-scale flooding gradients. We tested whether differences in flooding duration can also result in genetic differentiation in the clonal species Ranuneu/us replans, which naturally grows in both a lakeside microhabi tat and a landside microhabitat with shorter periods of flooding. 2 We compared traits related to fitness, and clonal life-history tr...

A successful cross-linked polymer flooding has been implemented in JD reservoir, an ordinary heavy oil reservoir with high permeability zones. For all that, there are still significant volumes of continuous oil remaining in place, which can not be easily extracted due to stronger vertical heterogeneity. Considering selective plugging feature, polymer enhanced foam (PEF) flooding was taken as fo...

the effects of 450-days of flooding on morphological and gas exchanges responses were investigated under controlled conditions for populus deltoides (colon 77.51) and taxodium distichum seedlings. seedlings were subjected to three outdoor treatments: not flooded (control), flooded to 3 cm above the soil surface (shallow flooded), and flooded to 15 cm above the soil surface (deep flooded). flood...

various researches on laboratory and field scale illustrate that manipulating the ionic composition and the ion concentration of injected water can affect the efficiency of water flooding and the interaction of injected water with rock and other fluids present in porous media. the objectives of this paper are to investigate parameters that affect low salinity water flooding; mainly the effect o...