Due to the lack of consistent data, direct and robust comparisons of cross-country labour markets have been virtually impossible. This study uses a new panel data series that controls for inconsistencies, thus overcoming this problem. This study estimates gender wage differentials and gender discrimination in the German and United Kingdom labour markets. Panel estimates are used to identify gen...

A review of electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) used in external beam, megavoltage radiation therapy is presented. The review consists of a brief introduction to the definition, role and clinical significance of portal imaging, along with a discussion of radiotherapy film systems and the motivations for EPIDs. This is followed by a summary of the challenges and constraints inherent to por...

The most widely used architecture in large-area amorphous silicon (a-Si) flat panel imagers is a passive pixel sensor (PPS), which consists of a detector and a readout switch. While the PPS has the advantage of being compact and amenable toward high-resolution imaging, reading small PPS output signals requires external column charge amplifiers that produce additional noise and reduce the minimu...

The aim of this paper is to explore how interpersonal variation in risk preference affects human capital investment and wage growth. To date, there has been a distinct lack of empirical research in this area despite the fact that the risk preference of individuals plays a key role in the theory of human capital accumulation. We investigate the link between risk preference, human capital investm...

The advantages, disadvantages, and issues involved in the panel analysis of travel behavior are discussed. Increased statistical efficiency, possibility of improved prediction, and the ability to observe changes and examine behavioral dynamics, are among the advantages panel data offer. Their disadvantages, on the other hand, stem from the added biases and costs of panel survey, and increased c...

The effects of x-ray irradiation on the transfer and noise characteristics of excimer-laser-annealed polycrystalline silicon poly-Si thin-film transistors TFTs have been examined at dose levels up to 1000 Gy. Parameters including mobility, threshold voltage, subthreshold swing, and leakage current, as well as flicker and thermal noise coefficients, were determined as a function of dose. In addi...

Cone-beam digital tomosynthesis (CBDT) is a new approach that was recently proposed for rapid tomographic imaging of soft-tissue targets in the radiotherapy treatment room. One of the potential problems in implementing CBDT using, for example, megavoltage (MV) X rays is the possibility of artifacts caused by image lag and ghosting of the X-ray detector used. In the present work, we developed a ...

The top illuminated organic photodetectors (OPDs) with a Dielectric/Metal/Dielectric (DMD) transparent anode are fabricated. The transparent electrode is composed of molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3)/silver (Ag)/MoO 3 layers and zinc oxide (ZnO)/aluminum (Al) is used for bottom cathode. The optimized DMD electrode has an optical transmittance of 85.7% at the wavelength of 546 nm and sheet resistance ...

Flat Panel Illustration In 2000, a large array A-Si flat panel EPID detector was installed (AL-7) on one of the PRIMUS accelerator at UCSF to allow for a comparison of performance. During the development period of MVCBCT, the introduction in 2004 of a new flat panel (AG-9) better optimized for high energy photons showed a several fold increase in sensitivity, allowing the routine acquisition of...

Flat Panel Display (FPD) industry has achieved sufficient critical mass for its growth to explode. Thus, it can now attract the right blend of capital investments and R&D resources to drive technical innovation toward continuous improvement in view quality, manufacturing efficiency, and system integration. These in turn are sustaining consumer interest, penetration, revenue growth, and the pote...