this paper addresses the mixed integer reliability redundancy allocation problems to determine simultaneous allocation of optimal reliability and redundancy level of components based on three objective goals. system engineering principles suggest that the best design is the design that maximizes the system operational effectiveness and at the same time minimizes the total cost of ownership (tco...

We consider the use of a fixed gain version of SPSA (simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation) for optimizing a class of discrete functions. The procedure has been modified to obtain an optimization method that is applicable to cost functions defined on a grid of points in Euclidean p-space having integer components. We discuss some related results on fixed gain SPSA and describe an a...

Consider a set of connections sharing a network node under an allocation scheme that provides each connection with a fixed minimum and a random extra amount of bandwidth and buffer. Allocations and prices are adjusted to adapt to resource availability and user demands. We consider two scenarios of user behavior. In the first scenario a connection purchases an allocation to maximize its expected...

Consider a set of connections sharing a network node under an allocation scheme that provides each connection with a fixed minimum and a random extra amount of bandwidth and buffer. Allocations and prices are adjusted to adapt to resource availability y and user demands. We consider two scenarios of user behavior. In the first scenario a connection purchases an allocation to maximize its expect...

This paper is to show clearly the real image of German cost accounting at the beginning of the 20 century. A.Messerschmitt and E.Schmalenbach played important roll in the establishment of German cost accounting. Messerschmitt worked as an engineer and a factory manager (entrepreneur). Messerschmitt expressed almost all cost elements as the percentage of labor costs in order to estimate unit pro...

Sex allocation models predict that cosexuality is stabilized by high allocation to attractive structures in pollen-limited species or by high allocation to shared structures that contribute to both genders. High investment in unilateral fixed costs favor the evolution of dioecy or gender change. With these predictions in mind, I studied sexual mass allocation at flowering in the monoecious Arum...

reactive power management plays an essential role in the secure operation of the power system as an ancillary service. although in electricity markets, the particular attention is paid to active power, the reactive power also plays an important on total generation costs of electricity. on the other hand, as it is mainly confined to local consumption, to avoid market power and maintain the secur...

The efficient and economic allocation of resources is one main goal in the field of production planning and control. Nowadays, a new variable gains in importance throughout the planning process: Energy. Energy-efficiency has already been widely discussed in literature, but with a strong focus on reducing the overall amount of energy used in production. This paper provides a brief systematic app...

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>A vital issue in many organizations is the fair allocation of fixed cost among its subsets. In this paper, using data envelopment analysis, first we study based on both additive and multiplicative efficiency decompositions cooperative context for a two-stage structure presence exogenous inputs outputs. A conic relaxation formulation decomposition given. Then, ...