Studying associations between mating system parameters and fitness in natural populations of trees advances our understanding of how local environments affect seed quality, and thereby helps to predict when inbreeding or multiple paternities should impact on fitness. Indeed, for species that demonstrate inbreeding avoidance, multiple paternities (i.e. the number of male parents per half-sib fam...

Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic diversity and their contributions to evolutionary process depend critically on their rate and their effects on traits, notably fitness. Mutation rate and mutation effect can be measured simultaneously through the use of mutation accumulation lines, and previous mutation accumulation studies measuring these parameters have been performed in laboratory...

OBJECTIVE To determine an association between body composition analysis and physical fitness in the Saudi population and derive gender specific physical fitness equations. METHODS A total of 530 healthy Saudi adults aged 15-72 years (mean 37.16±14.12 years) were enrolled in this study. Body composition analysis was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), with a commercially availa...

This study deals with the control chaos using generalized backstepping method. This new method to control nonlinear systems was called generalized backstepping method because of its similarity to backstepping but its abilities to control more systems than backstepping. Generalized backstepping approach consists of parameters which accept positive values. The parameters are usually chosen option...

For genetic algorithms (GAs) researchers look for optimal control parameters, such as population size or mutation rate. Early research was carried out using constant control parameters to find optimal parameter values for GA. The findings are only specific to the considered problem and therefore not suitable to be generalized. In more recent research, it was shown that the convergence rate can ...

this review based upon studies searched from the major scientific libraries has the objective of clarifying what is fitness training in modern days, the implications that it has on health in both youth and elderly and finally discuss fitness training practical implications.the prisma statement was partially adopted and a number of 92 items were selected, according to the inclusion criteria. res...

objectives: the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mountaineering on health factors in elder people. methods & materials: this study was a cross-sectional study. forty three elderly men (mean age 57/7±9/3 yrs) were selected randomly fromparks of northern tehran. according to their activity and type of activity, subjects divided into three groups of mountaineer (n=15), trained (...

purpose it is well known that the effects of exercise training gives inter individual differences which might be due to genetic diversity. this study aims to explore the probable relation between angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) alleles and physical fitness parameters in elite athletes. methods twenty-nine national level indian army triathletes who volunteered for the study were taken as sub...