The 2016 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) highlighted hot spots in HIV infection. Men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender populations, people who inject drugs, fisherfolk, migrants, adolescents, and older adults are heavily impacted in a number of regions. Stigma contributes to risk behaviors and HIV acquisition across populations. HIV testing is a crucial fir...

Fishing communities have been identified as among the highest-risk groups for HIV infection in countries with high overall rates of HIV/AIDS prevalence. Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS stems from, the time fishers and fish traders spend away from home, their access to cash income, their demographic profile, the ready availability of commercial sex in fishing ports and the sub-cultures of risk taking ...

The species remains the basic unit of biological classification. However, since archaeofaunal analysis is time-consuming and costly (especially when fish are the dominant class), it is important to ask whether making species-level identifications is worthwhile in view of the fact that even anciently diverged species can be difficult to differentiate osteologically with fragmented material. This...

Abstract Subsistence fishing is a confusing and heterogeneous fishery construct. Even so, its connection to human protection compels us analyze it through the lens of rights. Using case Chile due legal peculiarities, we aim determine scope Chilean legislation on subsistence fishing, integrating international treaties rights, law, reports from United Nations agencies regarding three issues. Firs...

Marine biology,marine ecology,Phytoplankton, marine algae, zooplankton, nekton, benthos, corals and coral reefs, ecology, zoogeography systematics, primary production experimental work on ecosystem including energy flow at different trophic levels, population dynamics theoretical models, recycling of matter, influence environmental factors metabolic activity, microbiology, mariculture propagati...

Climate change is predicted to have a range of direct and indirect impacts on marine and freshwater capture fisheries, with implications for fisheries-dependent economies, coastal communities and fisherfolk. This technical paper reviews these predicted impacts, and introduces and applies the concepts of vulnerability, adaptation and adaptive capacity. Capture fisheries are largely driven by fos...