Precis: Monetary and fiscal policies are examined in a steady-state small open economy model. Com­ plete price taking behaviour implies that domestic output is supply determined and invariant to domestic shocks. Balanced budget fiscal policy does, however, alter equilibrium real disposable income. As the terms of trade do not vary with the exchange rate regime the effectiveness of macro policie...

The interaction of monetary and fiscal policies is a crucial issue in a highly integrated economic area as the European Union. We investigate to which extent the EMU, that introduced a common monetary policy and restrictions on fiscal policy at the national level, benefits from macroeconomic policy cooperation due to the various interactions, spillovers and externalities from national macroecon...

Although there is a substantial body of literature on macroeconomic policies in Latin America, the role of fiscal and monetary policies as tools to stabilize the business cycle has not received much attention. This is understandable in light of the fact that during the last thirty years, both fiscal and monetary policies were responsible, to a large degree, for the region’s history of macroecon...

Early critics of the euro’s design pointed to the disruptive potential — both political and economic — of country-specific shocks in a monetary union that is a far cry from an optimal currency area. The euro crisis has confirmed the risks associated with a ‘one-size-fits-all’ monetary policy, decentralized financial supervision, and inadequate fiscal backstops. This article examines how the act...

The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of oil price shocks on discretionary fiscal policies in selected OPEC countries during 1980-2015. In this regard, the heterogeneous dynamic reaction to structural shock was examined using Panel Structural Vector Autoregressive (PSVAR) technique. Based on the findings, the effect of oil price shocks on discretionary fiscal policy was positiv...

In this paper we first describe the stochastic optimal control algorithm called ((OPTCON)). The algorithm minimizes an intertemporal objective loss function subject to a nonlinear dynamic system in order to achieve optimal value of control (or instrument) variables. Second as an application, we implemented the algorithm by the statistical programming system ((GAUSS)) to determine the optimal fi...

This paper examines price level determination from the perspective of portfolio choice. Arbitrages among money balances, bonds, and investment goods determine their relative demands. Returns to real balance holdings and after-tax returns to investment goods determine the relative values of nominal and real assets. Because expectations of government policies ultimately determine the expected ret...

Geothermal energy is one of the cleanest sources of energy which is gaining importance as an alternative to hydrocarbons. Geothermal energy reserves in China are enormous and it has a huge potential for exploitation and utilization. However, the development of the geothermal industry in China lags far behind other renewable energy sources because of the lack of fiscal and taxation policy suppor...

This paper has considered an issue which only a few considered in the literature on harmonization of regional fiscal policies. The lack of attention paid to location distortions may reflect the sense that few individuals actually move to different states or countries because of differences in fiscal policies. This study confirms this view for the U.S.; for the U.S. economy as a whole the distor...