Recent concern about survival and recovery of highelevation white pine ecosystems has returned white pine blister rust (caused by Cronartium ribicola) to prominence as a significant threat to forest health in the western U.S. (Samman et al., 2003). This, in turn, has spurred new research into potential rustresistance mechanisms in high-elevation white pines, including whitebark (Pinus albicauli...

Unconventional shale-gas plays are formed by fine-grained organic-rich shales of tight-porosity and ultralow permeability which act as the source, seal, and the reservoir rock. The shale-as-reservoir has its beginnings in 1820 but commercial shale-gas wells were drilled in 1990s in Mississippian Barnett Shale of USA by Mitchell Energy after prolonged (about 17 years) experimentations and advanc...

Hydrothermal vent communities are distributed along mid-ocean spreading ridges as isolated patches. While distance is a key factor influencing connectivity among sites, habitat characteristics are also critical. The Pescadero Basin (PB) and Alarcón Rise (AR) vent fields, recently discovered in the southern Gulf of California, are bounded by previously known vent localities (e.g. Guaymas Basin a...

One of the efficient factors in comprehensive development of an area is to provide water sources and on the other hand the appropriate management of them. Population growth and nourishment security for such a population necessitate the achievement of constant development besides the reforming of traditional management in order to increase the profit of sources; In this case, the constant exploi...

Introduction Precipitation is one of the major factors in the water balance of a catchment and as such the water cycle is most sensitive to changes in rainfall (Petheram et al. 2002). In sub-humid, semi-arid and arid regions, evapotranspiration is the second largest component of the water balance, and is affected not only by the availability of water but also by any change in other aspects of c...

The ability to determine the pyrrolic nitrogen compounds, which present in trace quantities in oils, exhibit changes in both absolute and relative concentrations that correlate with migration distance. Such molecules appear promising as empirical but quantitative indicators of the relative distances of oils and present a first step towards true source to oil reservoir distance indicators. Quant...

seven maize inbred lines were crossed in a complete diallel cross design at the seed and plant improvement institute, karaj, iran, during the 2006 growing season. the parents and 42 f1 hybrids were grown in the research field of islamic azad university of firoozabad, firoozabad, iran, using a randomized complete block design (rcbd) with three replications, during the 2007 growing season. the ha...

Experiments and computations indicate that mixing in chaotic flows generates certain coherent spatial structures. If a two-dimensional basin has a basin cell (a trapping region whose boundary consists of pieces of the stable and unstable manifold of some periodic orbit) then the basin consists of a central body (the basin cell) and a finite number of channels attached to it and the basin bounda...

Drought is an important factor limiting crop production in arid and semi-arid conditions. Drought indices which provide a measure of drought based on yield loss under drought condition in comparison to normal condition was used for screening drought-tolerant genotypes. This study was conducted to determine drought tolerant genotypes with high yield in stress and non-stress conditions. Ten barle...

Mobilization of As from geological materials into ground and drinking water sources may represent an important threat to human health. The objective of this study was to assess the As concentration and availability in underground water used as drinking water sources. Water samples were collected from public and private wells in Timis-Bega area of Pannonian Basin, West Romania. Total-dissolved A...