A new method to handle problems of Information Retrieval (IR) and related applications is proposed. The method is based on Fuzzy Interval Numbers (FINs) introduced in fuzzy system applications. Definition, interpretation and a computation algorithm of FINs are presented. The frame of use FINs in IR is given. An experiment showing the anticipated importance of these techniques in Cross Language ...

Synchronized bipedal movements of the pelvic fins provide propulsion (punting) during displacement on the substrate in batoids with benthic locomotion. In skates (Rajidae) this mechanism is mainly generated by the crural cartilages. Although lacking these anatomical structures, some stingray species show modifications of their pelvic fins to aid in benthic locomotion. This study describes the u...

Silicon crystallizes in the diamond-cubic phase and shows only a weak emission at 1.1 eV. Diamond-hexagonal silicon however has an indirect bandgap at 1.5 eV and has therefore potential for application in opto-electronic devices. Here we discuss a method based on advanced silicon device processing to form diamond-hexagonal silicon nano-ribbons. With an appropriate temperature anneal applied to ...

Abstract: In this paper, natural convection from vertical cylinders with inclined plate fins is investigated experimentally for use in cooling electronic equipment. Extensive experimental investigations are performed for various inclination angles, fin numbers, and base temperatures. From the experimental data, a correlation for estimating the Nusselt number is proposed. The correlation is appl...

It is well known that fish caudal fins can be completely regenerated after fin amputation. Although much research on fin regeneration has been carried out, there have been very few reports regarding fin regeneration after tail amputation. In this study, we used grass carp, common carp, koi carp, and zebrafish as experimental organisms. Some caudal fins could be distinctly regenerated in 2 weeks...

Natural convection heat transfer was investigated experimentally in a concentric-cylinders annulus. To enhance the rate of heat transfer, pin fins were installed on the surface of the inner cylinder. Two fin arrangements were employed, namely, staggered and in-line arrangements. The length of the fins varied from 2 to 8 cm and the Rayleigh number Ra changed in the range from 5 x 105  to 5 x 106...

the steady state effect of vertical fins is assessed on a photovoltaic/thermal solar air heater having a double pass configuration in which fins are placed in the lower channel perpendicular to the direction ofair flow. air passes through the upper channel of the air heater and before passing in the opposite direction through the lower channel. the effects of design, climatic and operating para...

bones of the pectoral girdle skeleton in representatives of 48 genera in 41 families of eurypterygian fishes were studied. the structure and position of the pectoral girdle is relatively stable in eurypterygians. it consists of the extrascapula, posttemporal, supracleithrum, cleithrum, postcleithrum, scapula, coracoid, actinosts, and fin rays. an ectocoracoid is present in some gasterosteiforme...

Contrary to the previous premise that pelvic fins lacked obvious function, recent work on three-dimensional fin motions suggests that pelvic fins actively control stability and speed in slowly swimming trout. This study used electromyography to measure pelvic fin muscle activity and particle imaging velocimetry to quantify flow along the ventral body region to test this hypothesis. Fish swam at...

We describe a fabrication process which forms InGaAs fins with sub 10nm thickness and 180nm height. The process flow requires no semiconductor dry-etch, thereby avoiding surface damage arising from such processes. Instead, InGaAs fins are formed using nanometer controlled atomic layer epitaxial growth, using tertiarybutylarsine, upon InP sidewall which are eventually selectively etched. Such fi...