Granite fines, sand, rice hulls, long wheat straw, and wood shavings were compared as bedding for 60 female dairy calves. Growth, health, stress indices, and behavior of newly born calves, along with physical characteristics and bacterial counts of bedding, were evaluated for 42 d during August to October, 2002. Overall average daily gain and dry matter intake of calves did not differ due to be...

We examined the effects of species, initial substrate quality, and site differences (including temperature, precipitation, and soil N availability) on fine-root (<2 mm diameter) decomposition in litter bags and its N dynamics in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong) Carrière), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.) forest...

This article studies the optimal use of fines and imprisonment when an offender’s level of wealth cannot be observed by the enforcement authority. I employ a model in which there are two types of offenders — a low-wealth type and a high-wealth type. The consequence of the unobservability of wealth depends on whether the enforcement authority would employ fines alone, or would also impose impris...

Chemical composition and liberation are critical attributes in characterizing a resource stock for beneficiation investigations. Though end-of-life printed circuit board is recognized as a valuable secondary resource stock, no procedural standard exists for the determination of its chemical composition, nor for the -75 microm fines generated during its comminution. The effect of the digestion p...

The paper shows how excessive reporting, called “crying wolf”, can dilute the information value of reports. Excessive reporting is investigated by undertaking the first formal analysis of money laundering enforcement. Banks monitor transactions and report suspicious activity to government agencies, which use these reports to identify investigation targets. Banks face fines should they fail to r...

Injection of formation water can cause formation damage due to the migration of fines, clay swelling, gas bubble formation, as well as the precipitation and dissolution of minerals. Because the injected water has approximately the same chemical characteristics as the production water, fines migration and gas bubbles will be the main sources of formation damage. The near vicinity of the well wil...

The hydrophilic flocculation of pyrite fines in aqueous suspensions with corn starch was studied by measuring particle size distribution, microscopy observation and micro-flotation. Furthermore, the interaction of corn starch with pyrite was investigated by determining the adsorption density and based on zeta potential measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) analysis in this wor...

The composition of the silicate portion of Martian regolith fines indicates derivation of the fines from mafic to ultramafic igneous rocks, probably rich in pyroxene. Rock types similar in chemical and mineralogical composition include terrestrial Archean basalts and certain achondrite meteorites. If these igneous rocks weathered nearly isochemically, the nontronitic clays proposed earlier as a...

The collection of overdue fines in state courts throughout the United States is a complex problem. Significantly, large overdue balances on many state courts' books present an ineffective judicial system to legislators and to the public. The cost of justice is extremely high and requires considerable expenditure of public funds. This project will identify a variety of techniques and tools that ...

The adsorption of polysaccharide guar gum and starch additives and their interactions with cellulosic fiber and fines, as well as soluble and colloidal carbohydrates, present in wood pulp suspensions were investigated by employing HPLC and spectrophotometry. A unique phenomenon, i.e. carbohydrate uptake or ‘substraction’, was observed to occur in a variety of cellulosic systems [whole pulp, was...