Cultures are built on social exchange. Most languages have dedicated grammatical machinery for expressing this. To demonstrate that statistical methods can also be applied to grammatical meaning, we here ask whether the underlying meanings of these grammatical constructions are based on shared common concepts. To explore this, we designed video stimuli of reciprocated actions (e.g., "giving to ...

European starlings have the ability to learn to classify complex grammatical patterns that follow a context-free grammar (CFG) composed of song motifs (Gentner, et al., 2006). Cotton-top tamarins cannot classify CFG patterns, when exposed to patterns composed of human speech (Fitch & Hauser, 2004). Beyond differences in species-specific cognitive ability, methodological differences might accoun...

Abstraсt. The article is concerned with the implicit pragmalinguistics which studies a person’s unconscious choice of verbal means to maximize impact on listener. principles hidden or are put forward. They reveal dependence actualization grammatical meanings speech situation communication. present focuses characteristics blogging as form comprehensive political paper aims at examining specific ...

Ideophones are marked words that depict sensory imagery found in many of the world’s languages. They are noted for their special forms, distinct grammatical behaviour, rich sensory meanings, and interactional uses related to experience and evidentiality. This review surveys recent developments in ideophone research. Work on the semiotics of ideophones helps explain why they are marked and how t...

among the linguistic resources for creating grammatical metaphor, nominalization rewords   processes and properties metaphorically as nouns within the experiential metafunction of language. following halliday's (1998a) classification of grammatical metaphor, the current study investigated nominalization exploited in an english applied linguistics textbook and its corresponding persian translati...