Surveillance at the slaughterhouse level for animal health and food safety purposes encompasses examination for the presence of pathology, pathogens, drug residues, chemical contaminants and antimicrobial resistance. Government, industry and academia are the primary proponents of such surveillance. A variety of policies and policy instruments from voluntary to legislative may be applied to prom...

Wild birds play a major role in the evolution, maintenance, and spread of avian influenza viruses. However, surveillance for these viruses in wild birds is sporadic, geographically biased, and often limited to the last outbreak virus. To identify opportunities to optimize wild bird surveillance for understanding viral diversity, we reviewed responses to a World Organisation for Animal Health–ad...

BACKGROUND Communicable diseases do not respect national boundaries and are important challenges to health internationally. Considerable variation exists in the structure and performance of surveillance systems for communicable disease prevention and control. European Union (EU) countries should share ideas to improve the quality of surveillance systems. The study aims to support the improvemen...

The paper proposes a linguistics-based text mining approach to demonstrate the process of extracting financial concepts from the Security Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation releases (LR). The proposed approach presents the extracted information as a knowledge base to be used in market monitoring surveillance systems. Also, it facilitates users’ acquisition, maintenance and access to financial...

What are the effects of International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) monitoring activities? We argue that IMF surveillance exercises – known as Article IV consultations move financial markets. Our argument is based on design IMF’s function, which a relatively strong form by standards most international organizations (IOs). test this using an event study analysis 428 consultations. find average mission h...

It is necessary to assess surveillance systems for infectious animal diseases to ensure they meet their objectives and provide high-quality health information. Each system is generally dedicated to one disease and often comprises various components. In many animal industries, several surveillance systems are implemented separately even if they are based on similar components. This lack of syner...

AIM Most colorectal cancer recurrences are asymptomatic and are detected through routine postoperative clinic surveillance programmes with associated investigations. However, attendance at these clinics has a financial cost and may be associated with an increase in patient anxiety and dissatisfaction. The results of a remote follow-up system developed for selected patients are reported. METHO...

OBJECTIVE To explore the impact of financial incentives for quality of care on practice organisation, clinical autonomy, and internal motivation of doctors and nurses working in primary care. DESIGN Ethnographic case study. SETTING Two English general practices. PARTICIPANTS 12 general practitioners, nine nurses, four healthcare assistants, and four administrative staff. MAIN OUTCOME ME...