This work concerns dryout experiments in which a tube, initially containing water, filled up or partially filled and at 1,2 or 3 atmosphere pressures, is heated. The initial water column experience three thermal regions. The first region, called the first period, involves heating of the tube until saturation conditions are obtained in the water. Boiling of the water in the tube causes swelling ...

We have constructed devices in which the interior of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) field-effect transistor acts as a nanofluidic channel that connects two fluid reservoirs, permitting measurement of the electronic properties of the SWCNT as it is wetted by an analyte. Wetting of the inside of the SWCNT by water turns the transistor on, while wetting of the outside has little effect. T...

OBJECTIVE To study the association between "pregnancy" prevalence (affected births and terminations) of neural tube defects in postcode districts of Glasgow and lead concentrations in domestic water. SETTING Postcode districts of Glasgow supplied by water from the Loch Katrine reservoir. DESIGN An ecological study. Lead concentrations from 1911 randomly selected domestic water samples were ...

To investigate the mechanism of structural changes of a peptide nanotube and water confined inside the channel, the helical peptide tryptophylglycine monohydrate (WG.H2O) was studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the three-dimension parallel MD program ddgmq (software package) and a consistent force field. Simulations were performed on both the water-containing system and a model...

Natural convection heat transfer from a tube bundle in the indirect water bath heaters is investigated. A computer-code is used for the solution of the governing equations of mass, momentum and energy transfer based on the SIMPLE-C algorithm. Simulations are carried out for the gas pressure station heater of Kermanshah city with various tube bundle arrangements. In order to validate the numeric...

The most widely used methods to determine bacterial production involve measuring the incorporation of radioactive precursors, such as leucine, into macromolecular pools. The leucine method that involves incubation and extraction within a single microcentrifuge tube has become a widely used technique because of its relative convenience, precision, and low cost. We observed a discrepancy in paral...

Evacuated tube solar water heater systems are widely used in China due to their high thermal efficiency, simple construction requirements, and low manufacturing costs. CPC evacuated tube solar water heaters with a geometrical concentration ratio C of less than one are rare. A comparison of the experimental rig of evacuated tube solar water heater systems with and without a mini-CPC reflector wa...

Varying the generator load of a hydro turbine results in short-term changes rotation frequency runner, leading inevitably to flow instability and strong swirling behind turbine. This may lead formation unsteady regimes featured by vortex known as precessing core (PVC) Dorfler et al. (2012). effect causes dangerous periodic pressure pulsations that propagate throughout water column draft tube. T...

Ring-capacitor sensors are used widely for real-time estimation of volumetric soil water content u from measured resonant frequency fr, which is directly affected by the bulk soil permittivity e. However, the relationship fr(e) requires improved quantification. We conducted laboratory experiments to characterize the response of the Sentek EnviroSMART sensor system for a full range of e values f...

Experimental investigation of heat transfer during pool boiling of two nanofluids, i.e., water-Al2O3 and water-Cu has been carried out. Nanoparticles were tested at the concentration of 0.01%, 0.1%, and 1% by weight. The horizontal smooth copper and stainless steel tubes having 10 mm OD and 0.6 mm wall thickness formed test heater. The experiments have been performed to establish the influence ...