This study investigates the in vivo dose response profiles of the target enzyme cholinesterase (ChE) and the detoxifying enzymes carboxylesterase (CaE) in the fetal and maternal compartments of pregnant rats dosed with chlorpyrifos [(O,O'-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothionate], a commonly used organophosphorus insecticide. Pregnant rats were dosed daily (po) with chlorpyrifos i...

Because of the adverse effects of ionizing radiation on fetuses, prior to radiotherapy of pregnant patients, fetal dose should be estimated. Fetal dose has been studied by several authors in different depths in phantoms with various abdomen thicknesses (ATs). In this study, the effect of maternal AT and depth in fetal dosimetry was investigated, using peripheral dose (PD) distribution evaluatio...

Fetal goiter is an uncommon, serious problem during pregnancy. Careful routine antenatal ultrasound screening can find out an intrauterine fetal goiter. Fetal goiter has an incidence of 1:40000 live births (1). 80% of cases are caused by dysgenesis of the thyroid gland. The rest 5% and 15% are due to hypothalamohypophyseal abnormalities and dyshormonogenesis, respectively. 8% of cases are due t...

In utero methamphetamine (METH) exposure enhances the oxidative DNA lesion 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) in CD-1 fetal mouse brain, and causes long-term postnatal motor coordination deficits. Herein we used oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (ogg1) knock-out mice to determine the pathogenic roles of 8-oxoG and OGG1, which repairs 8-oxoG, in METH-initiated neurodevelopmental anomalies. Administration ...

Challenges in cumulative risk assessment of anti-androgenic phthalate mixtures include a lack of data on all the individual phthalates and difficulty determining the biological relevance of reduction in fetal testosterone (T) on postnatal development. The objectives of the current study were 2-fold: (1) to test whether a mixture model of dose addition based on the fetal T production data of ind...

PURPOSE To prospectively investigate the fetal dosimetry knowledge of health care professionals involved in the management of pulmonary embolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred sixty-one health care professionals consented to participate in this study, which had ethical board approval. The individuals surveyed were from 14 hospitals (seven university and seven community hospitals) in the U...

Transplacental transfer of spiramycin was investigated in a rhesus monkey model to study whether the antibiotic reaches therapeutic levels in the fetus. Spiramycin concentrations were measured by bioassay and high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for bioactive spiramycin as measured by the bioassay. Pharmacokinetic pilot studies showed that spiramyci...

objective: to compare efficacy, safety and tolerance of combination of mifepristone and misoprostol versus misoprostol-only in induction of late intrauterine fetal death (iufd). materials and methods: this prospective study included a consecutive series of 52 women gravid up to fourth with iufd after 28 weeks of gestation between january 2008 and june 2011. women were divided into two groups. f...