5 Are equilibrium climate sensitivity and the associated radiative feedbacks a constant property 6 of the climate system, or do they change with forcing magnitude and base climate? Using 7 the radiative kernel technique, feedbacks and climate sensitivity are evaluated in a fully 8 coupled general circulation model (GCM) for three successive doublings of carbon dioxide 9 starting from present da...

We estimate climate sensitivity from observations, using the deseasonalized fluctuations in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and the concurrent fluctuations in the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) outgoing radiation from the ERBE (1985-1999) and CERES (20002008) satellite instruments. Distinct periods of warming and cooling in the SSTs were used to evaluate feedbacks. An earlier study (Lindzen and Choi, ...

Uncertainty in the spatial pattern of climate change is dominated by divergent predictions among climate models. Model di erences are closely linked to their representation of climate feedbacks, that is, the additional radiative fluxes that are caused by changes in clouds, water vapour, surface albedo, and other factors, in response to an external climate forcing. Progress in constraining this ...

A CMOS three-stage ring oscillator is examined in UMC 0.13 μm and 0.18 μm technologies. The influence of PMOS transistor and resistor, as inverter feedbacks, on the ring oscillator frequency and the peak-to-peak amplitude is investigated in both technologies. Furthermore, as the ring oscillator usually drives a buffer in pulse generator/transmitter chain, dependence of its Figures of Merit on t...

Positive feedbacks between climate change and the carbon cycle have the potential to amplify the growth of atmospheric carbon dioxide and accelerate future climate warming. However, both the magnitude of and the processes which drive future carbon cycleclimate feedbacks remain highly uncertain. In this study, we use a coupled climate-carbon model to investigate how the response of vegetation ph...

In today’s globalized world, humans and nature are inextricably linked. The coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) framework provides a lens with which to understand such complex interactions. One of the central components of the CHANS framework involves examining feedbacks among human and natural systems, which form when effects from one system on another system feed back to affect the firs...

The effects of wave and zonal mean ozone heating on the evolution of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) are examined using a two-dimensional mechanistic model of the equatorial stratosphere. The model atmosphere is governed by coupled equations for the zonal mean and (linear) wave fields of ozone, temperature, and wind, and is driven by specifying the amplitudes of a Kelvin wave and a Rossby–...