We tested time perception in a bisection task featuring a wide range of durations (from 0.2 to about 8.0s) and highly arousing stimuli (delivery of an electric shock). In addition, self-report questionnaire responses and skin conductance responses were assessed to measure emotional reactivity. Results clearly demonstrated emotion-related time distortion, as stimulus durations were judged to be ...

BACKGROUND After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident on March 11, 2011, interest in, and fear of, radiation increased among citizens. When such accidents occur, appropriate risk communication must provided by the government. It is therefore necessary to understand the fears of citizens in the days after such accidents. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the progression of people's conc...

The potency of an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) can impact the degree of fear learning. One of the most common and effective UCSs is an electric shock, which is inappropriate for certain populations (e.g., children). To address this need, a novel fear learning paradigm was recently developed that uses a fearful female face and scream as the UCS. The present study directly compared the efficacy o...

Der vorliegende Artikel ist in zwei thematische Teile unterteilt. Der erste Teil beinhaltet eine Übersicht über Fragestellungen der Kryptographie und führt in kryptographische Denkweisen und Methodiken in informeller Weise ein. Der zweite Teil beschäftigt sich mit einer Auswahl an mathematischen Berechnungsproblemen aus Zahlentheorie und algebraischer Geometrie, auf deren Komplexität die Sicher...

When people are presented with backward-masked images of fear-relevant stimuli and only some of these images are paired consistently with electric shocks, they can predict the occurrence of shocks even though they do not consciously know which images they have seen. We postulated that they may use the perception of visceral cues from the conditional fear response to facilitate the prediction of...

Associating sensory cues with aversive outcomes is a relatively basic process shared across species. Yet higher-order cognitive processes likely contribute to associative fear learning in many circumstances, especially in humans. Here we ask whether fears can be acquired based on conceptual knowledge of object categories, and whether such concept-based fear conditioning leads to enhanced memory...

Few exposures generate more anxiety to the public than exposure to any type of radiation. Images and stories of affected individuals that agonize due to extreme exposure to ionizing radiation (usually during nuclear facility accidents) have captured the imagination of people since the atomic bomb explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II, and have created deep seated fears [1,2]....

Few exposures generate more anxiety to the public than exposure to any type of radiation. Images and stories of affected individuals that agonize due to extreme exposure to ionizing radiation (usually during nuclear facility accidents) have captured the imagination of people since the atomic bomb explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II, and have created deep seated fears [1,2]....