In this study, biodiesel was produced from sludge palm oil (SPO) using tolune-4-sulfonic monohydrate acid (PTSA) as an acid catalyst in different dosages in the presence of methanol to convert free fatty acid (FFA) to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), followed by a transesterification process using an alkaline catalyst. In the first step, acid catalyzed esterification reduced the high FFA content...

Introduction Glycerol is the main byproduct of biodiesel production. Nowadays, glycerol surplus is becoming a matter of environmental and economic concern. Therefore, new ideas to convert glycerol in more valuable compounds are needed. Monoglyceride (MG) synthesis by glycerol (Gly) transesterification with fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), Figure 1, is an attractive option to transform this biom...

Abstract Partially hydrogenated fatty acid methyl ester (H-FAME) is conventionally produced through partial hydrogenation under high pressure and elevated temperature in the presence of a catalyst. Herein, novel green, catalyst-free, non-thermal atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was employed instead conventional method to hydrogenate palm FAME. H-FAME became more saturated w...

Since the conventional esterification method requires longer processing time and obtain low yield, the intensification of this process is still interesting subject to be investigated. To reduce the oil extraction cost from seeds which almost 70% of total processing cost, in situ esterification has been recently introduced. The objective of study was to produce biodiesel from rubber seeds oil th...

Signature lipid biomarker (SLB) analysis is a useful tool for identifying microorganisms and characterizing microbial communities in natural systems. Specific fatty acids, especially phospholipids (PLFA), are essential membrane components, make up a relatively constant proportion of the microorganisms under natural conditions and their patterns provide insight into the bacterial and fungal comm...

The decline in groundwater supply the Texas High Plains is forcing some growers to convert center-pivot irrigated cropland dryland production. Transitioning toward reduced water input can lead declines soil health. We assessed short-term changes health indicators two transition scenarios: (a) from high irrigation method low (center pivot subsurface drip) and (b) dryland), comparison continuous ...

Investigations were conducted on a series of calcium and lanthanum oxides catalyst for biodiesel production. Mixed oxides catalyst showed a superior transesterification activity over pure calcium or pure lanthanum oxide catalysts. The catalyst activity was correlated with surface basicity and specific surface areas. The effects of water and free fatty acids (FFA) levels in oil feedstock, water ...

Mural paintings in Carmona (Spain), Herberstein (Austria) and Greene (Germany), showing visible deterioration by microorganisms, were sampled to investigate the biodiversity of the heterotrophic bacteria present. Four hundred twenty-eight bacterial strains were isolated from which 385 were characterized by fatty acid methyl ester analysis (FAME). The isolates were grouped into 41 clusters on th...

Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and methyl ester (FAME) are used by P. aeruginosa PAO1 to produce rhamnolipid biosurfactant. The process of fermentation producing biosurfactant was structured in a 2 L bioreactor using 2% PFAD FAME as carbon sources minimal medium with nitrogen concentration 1 g L?1. Mass spectrometry results show the crude produced predominantly monorhamnolipid (Rha-C10-C10) ...