This study addressed three questions: 1. What are the objectives of the leaders of ISIL? 2. What are the objectives of the followers of ISIL? 3. How are the two sets of objectives related? To answer these questions we analyzed the transcripts of interviews and presentations of 59 subject matter experts (SMEs) and conducted a separate analysis of speeches of ISIL leaders and selected Internet so...

<p><em>Umar bin Khattab was the second caliph in history of Islamic rule. Lots progress achieved during period his caliphate. This article compiled order to explain from a historical perspective dynamics government that occurred caliphate Umar Khattab. begins with an explanation process appointing and structure built time along duties functions each structure. With this research it ...

centuries. Starting from the pre-Islamic era in the 6th century AD and extending to the 16th Century AD when the Ottoman Sultan Salim I in 1516 AD invaded and destroyed the Mamluk Dynasty in Syria and Egypt extending the Ottoman Empire into North Africa. The language of science at the time was Arabic. Many scientists and physicians throughout the Muslim Empire taught and wrote in Arabic. This w...

A representative selection of glazed ceramics recovered from medieval Islamic contexts excavated in the former Roman port Utica (North Tunisia) (23 99 pieces) has revealed new data about glaze technologies central Mediterranean. Stratified sequences pottery have established four main phases occupation which span mid-tenth to mid-eleventh centuries. Significant changes range wares are found Ziri...

Patients with undiagnosed haemostatic defects seen at The Aga Khan Hospital and Fatimid Blood Transfusion Centre during the period of 7 years (1985-1992) were screened with routine tests including bleeding time (BT), whole blood clotting time (CT), platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and 5 molar urea test. Nine patients had a positive 5 molar urea...

The article has a history of religions approach, and analyzes the “counter-narrative” Hizb ut-Tahrir, which is global political Islamist group aims to establish universal caliphate. It “vocal radical” radical group, rejecting use violence. against democracy, secularization liberal values, promotes return “true Islam”, obliges Muslims caliphate, ruled by divine will. analysis ideology will conte...