the purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to determine problems and success factors among members of water user associations (wuas) in moqan, tajan and varamin areas in northern iran. the population consisted of farmers who were members of water user associations (n= 2,500). using simple random sampling procedure, 262 farmers were selected for the study. a researcher made structur...

BACKGROUND Restricted application of insecticides to cattle is a cheap and safe farmer-based method to control tsetse. In Western Africa, it is applied using a footbath, mainly to control nagana and the tick Amblyomma variegatum. In Eastern and Southern Africa, it might help controlling the human disease, i.e., Rhodesian sleeping sickness as well. The efficiency of this new control method again...

Agri-environment schemes have been developed by the member states of the European Union over the last 10 years. Under Regulation 2078/92, the UK has supported English Nature in the implementation of a nature conservation scheme for wet grazing land in southern England. This paper explores the different understandings of nature held by farmers and conservationists who are participating in the Wi...

Gold farming and real money trade refer to a set of illicit practices in massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) whereby players accumulate virtual resources to sell for ―real world‖ money. Prior work has examined trade relationships formed by gold farmers but not the trust relationships which exist between members of these organizations. We adopt a hypergraph approach to model the multi-mod...

20 A farmer's decision on whether to control a pest is usually based on the perceived 21 threat of the pest locally and the guidance of commercial advisors. Therefore farmers in a 22 region are often influenced by similar circumstances, and this can create a coordinated 23 response for pest control that is effective at a landscape scale. This coordinated response is 24 not intentional, but is a...

Internet cannot provide perfect information services for farmers in rural regions in China, because farmers in rural regions can hardly access the internet by now. But the wide coverage of mobile signal, telephone line, and television network, etc. gave us a chance to solve the problem. The integrated pest management platform of Northern fruit trees were developed based on the integrated techno...

One of the main strategies to control the spread of infectious animal diseases is the implementation of movement restrictions. This paper shows a loss in efficiency of the movement restriction policy (MRP) when behavioral responses of farmers are taken into account. Incorporating the strategic behavior of farmers in an epidemiologic model reveals that the MRP can trigger premature animal sales ...

water distribution method based on the type of water conduits can be divided into two groups, namely, open and closed systems, while on the basis of the energy of the water flow, the two groups are gravity flow and pressurized flow. open channel type conveyance and distribution is achieved by gravity and includes channels made by embankment construction, excavation, or construction of prefabric...

Drawing on interviews in Switzerland and New Zealand, we explore the concept of autonomy as part of a farming self. The farming self encompasses the dialectical relationship of autonomy as both value and tool that help us understand farmers within a wider set of economic, environmental and interpersonal relations. Farmers describe autonomy as a value in three related but slightly different ways...

Timely availability of expert support to the farmers for appropriate decision-making on ‘whether and what pest management option is required’ is imperative for effective Integrated Pest Management (IPM). For several decades Economic Threshold Level (ETL) has been the basis for decision-making but in modern IPM emphasis is given on agro-ecological situation wherein IPM decisions are based on lar...