A number of farmer-led approaches to technology transfer have emerged in recent times to replace the largely discredited Transfer of Technology (TOT) and Training and Visit (T&V) models of agricultural extension. One such initiative is the Farmer Field School (FFS), an experiential learning approach originally developed in Southeast Asia for the integrated management of rice pests but adaptable...

BACKGROUND The effects of education and occupation on health have been well documented individually, but little is known about their joint effect, especially their cumulative joint effect on late life health. METHODS We enrolled 14,292 participants aged 60+ years by multistage sampling across 173 communities in Xiamen, China, in 2013. Heath status was assessed by the ability to perform six ba...

BACKGROUND Providing food through schools has well documented effects in terms of the education, health and nutrition of school children. However, there is limited evidence in terms of the benefits of providing a reliable market for small-holder farmers through "home-grown" school feeding approaches. This study aims to evaluate the impact of school feeding programmes sourced from small-holder f...

This study examines the impact of contract farming with Farmer Organizations on farmers’ income. Contract farming with farmer organizations is a smallholder farmer-inclusive contract farming system. Field surveys were conducted in August 2010 with 75 farmers (including 39 contract farmers) in Kampong Thom province, Cambodia. The analysis—i.e., using a treatment effects model—indicates that cont...

the present study was conducted in the central region of khyber pakhtunkhwa (kpk), pakistan comprising seven districts: peshawar, charsadda, nowshera, mardan, swabi, kohat and hangu, during 2010. the objective was to analyze the perceived effect of farmer field school (ffs) approach on farmers’ capacity in controlling pre- and post- harvest losses. descriptive statistics were used to analyze th...

Conventional approaches to agricultural extension based on top–down technology transfer and information dissemination models are inadequate help smallholder farmers tackle increasingly complex agroclimatic adversities. Innovative service delivery alternatives, such as field schools, exist but mostly implemented in isolationistic silos with little effort integrate them for cost reduction greater...

Introduction: Small field dosimetry is challenging for radiotherapy dosimetry. measurement of the output factor in the air and water (Sc, Scp) is one of the input parameters for commissioning of treatment planning systems and beam modeling. The aims of this study are to measured Sc,Scp for small fields with EBT2 and Ion chamber and design a appropriate mini-phantom for small fi...

This article considers the value of leftist filmmaking collective Ogawa Productions’ interdisciplinary practice, which combined and farming as an activist project advocacy for social environmental justice in 1980s Japan. It argues that Pro, was known, integrated agriculture film culture to construct a radically inclusive ecosystemic understanding humans, plants, animals climate. Viewed today, t...