Deep underground in Kolar Gold Fields, in southern India, an experiment to detect proton decay had been carried out since the end of 1980. Analysis of data yielded the following results; (l) the life time of proton is about 1 x 10 years, (2) it decays into wide spectrum of decay modes, p e , p K and so on, and (3) the life time and the distribution of decay modes are close to the predictions of...

Localized modes are analysed for a chain with nonlinear on-site potential using an approximation based on the discrete nonlinear Schr0dinger equation. It is pointed out that such localized modes exist in the parameter domains where the system displays modulational instability. Otherwise, nonlinear modes may appear in the form of dark-profile localized structures, and two types of such structure...

this study was investigated reproductive differences in fall and spring migrants of caspian lamprey (caspiomyzon wagneri) in the shirud river (southern caspian sea)in 2008. 89 and 15 specimens were sampled in in spring and fall, respectively. generally, fall migratory fish had a significantly lower condition factor (cf) compared to the spring migrants. there was significant relationship between...

objectives: this study aimed to compare elderly fallers and non fallers by balance test under dual tasks conditions. methods & materials: this study was a analyse-comparative study. subjects were chosen from three parks of tehran. subjects were 20 older adults with no history of falls (aged 72.60±5years) and 21 older adults with a history of 2 or more falls in the last one year (aged 74.50±6 ye...

Epidemic outbreaks of new pathogens, or known pathogens in new populations, cause a great deal of fear because they are hard to predict. For theoretical models of disease spreading, on the other hand, quantities characterizing the outbreak converge to deterministic functions of time. Our goal in this paper is to shed some light on this apparent discrepancy. We measure the diversity of (and, thu...

These lectures will cover methods for studying the evolution of galaxies since their formation. Because the properties of a galaxy depend on its history, an understanding of galaxy evolution requires that we understand the dynamical interplay between all components over 10 gigayears. For example, lopsided (m = 1) asymmetries are transient with gigayear time scales, bars may grow slowly or sudde...