Distributing the spoils of a joint enterprise on the basis of work contribution or relative productivity seems natural to the modern Western mind. But such notions of merit-based distributive justice may be culturally constructed norms that vary with the social and economic structure of a group. In the present research, we showed that children from three different cultures have very different i...

This paper investigates to what extent fair trade programmes, are indeed ‘fair’. This is accomplished by comparing fair trade with free trade and protectionist trade regimes on their compliance of the criteria set by the fair trade movement itself. This comparison is made using comparative cost based and economies of scale models. It is found that whether or not fair trade is superior to free t...

We study various classical secure computation problems in the context of fairness, and relate them with each other. We also systematically study fair sampling problems (i.e., inputless functionalities) and discover three levels of complexity for them. Our results include the following: – Fair exchange cannot be securely reduced to the problem of fair cointossing by an r-round protocol, except w...

Fairness of the UBR service has been evaluated recently in the context of homogeneous Internet traffic where all sources implement TCP congestion control algorithm. In this study, we evaluate the fairness of various flavors of the ATM UBR service in the heterogeneous environment where both TCP and UDP traffic share the same buffer. Although the fair buffer allocation (FBA) is known to be very f...

Since the dawn of history (and certainly before) people have bickered, even battled, over the fair distribution of resources— for example, the division of estates, disputed territories and the spoils of war. Such dilemmas have for the most part been resolved unilaterally, by kings (Solomon and the baby), judges or simple force. Few truly logical solutions evolved. In the past 50 years, however,...

In the model of type I censored exponential lifetimes, coverage probabilities are compared for a number of confidence interval constructions proposed in literature. The coverage probabilities are calculated exactly for sample sizes up to 50 and for different degrees of censoring and different degrees of intended confidence. If not only a fair two-sided coverage is desired, but also fair one-sid...

Frozen shoulder is a chronic fibrosing condition of capsule of shoulder joint. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of hydraulic distension in the treatment of frozen shoulder. 50 Patients with 54 shoulders of frozen shoulder syndrome were treated with hydraulic distension and steroid under local anesthesia from July 2014 to August 2016.Various parameters like pain, range of m...

We reviewed the radiological and clinical long-term results after the nailing in situ of slipped upper femoral epiphysis in 59 hips in 43 patients. The displacement of the epiphysis had been measured as the 'slipping angle' before operation and related to the results at follow-up at a mean of 30.9 years (27 to 34). The mean age at follow-up was 44.2 years (39 to 50). Radiographic re-examination...

Fairness in machine learning is getting rising attention as it directly related to real-world applications and social problems. Recent methods have been explored alleviate the discrimination between certain demographic groups that are characterized by sensitive attributes (such race, age, or gender). Some studies found data itself biased, so training on causes unfair decision making. Models tra...

The FAIRPoints organization, co-founded by the authors, aims to provide a platform for conversations take place around realistic and pragmatic implementations of FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles. uniqueness effort stems from an additional aim: capture conversation contributions in form “bite-sized” objects – “points” way that facilitates dynamic composition instru...