A review of pavement thickness designs shows that two kinds of failure criteria are used in most cases. They are: 1) The tension strain under the asphalt layer that causes cracking and 2) the vertical compression strain on the sub-grade that causes deflection. In this study, various factors affecting thickness design are first defined and more than 216 pavement conditions are introduced. Struc...

A review of pavement thickness designs shows that two kinds of failure criteria are used in most cases. They are: 1) The tension strain under the asphalt layer that causes cracking and 2) the vertical compression strain on the sub-grade that causes deflection. In this study, various factors affecting thickness design are first defined and more than 216 pavement conditions are introduced. Struc...

Rocks are less resistant to tension than compression or shear. Tension cracks commonly initiate shear failure. The mechanical behavior of layered rocks under has been studied extensively, whereas the tensile still remains uncertain. In this paper, we study effect layer orientation on strength and failure patterns direct indirect through experimental numerical testing (RFPA2D: software Rock Fail...