Politeness strategies are of significant importance to maintain the face addressee. Senders formal congratulatory letters seek create a positive image in minds their addresses by performing particular illocutionary acts and face-saving (FSAs) form written texts. To best knowledge researcher, this topic received little attention from linguistic researchers, especially on pragma-stylistic level. ...

Expressive speech acts are one of the five basic categories of speech acts identified by Searle (1976). Expressives remain underresearched, though select categories of expressive speech acts, especially offering thanks and compliments, have received more extensive attention. An overall classification of expressive speech acts on the basis of corpus data has not yet been carried out. The current...

these days knowledge and information play a vital role in promoting of productivity and sustainability. the main purpose of this descriptive– survey research was to analysis information seeking behavior of carp farmers in sangar’s area of rasht county. information seeking behavior of farmers including definition process and gathering information of usage technology, evaluation, information savi...

The present study on politeness is an attempt to examine (dis)agreeing strategies utilized by EFL learners while chatting on the internet. Subjects of the study were forty male and thirty-three female Iranian natives whose internet relay chat (IRC) interactions, composed of 400 excerpts, were collected between December 2007 and September 2008. Data analysis was based on the general taxonomy of ...

We analyze a model of life-cycle savings decisions which allows for both lifetime and income uncertainty. We then simulate life-cycle saving rates based on empirical income processes estimated from West German household data. Our main ndings are, rst, that allowing for mortality risk improves the life-cycle model's predictions slightly, and second, that simulated saving rates still fail to matc...