Explorative eye movements specifically target some parts of a scene while ignoring others. Here, we investigate how local image structure--defined by spatial frequency contrast--and informative image content--defined by higher order image statistics-are weighted for the selection of fixation points. We measured eye movements of macaque monkeys freely viewing a set of natural and manipulated ima...

A 75-year-old man presented to us with sudden onset of profound vision loss in his right eye and was identified as suffering from an ophthalmic artery occlusion. Apart from the retinal whitening and box-carring of the retinal arteries, there were characteristic triangular patches of retinal whitening in the midperipheral temporal fundus indicating a previous lateral posterior choroidal artery o...

To help understand the role of long-range, clustered lateral connections in the superficial layers of macaque striate cortex (area V1), we have examined the relationship of the patterns of intrinsic connections to cytochrome oxidase (CO) blobs, interblobs, and ocular dominance (OD) bands, using biocytin based neuroanatomical tracing, CO histochemistry, and optical imaging. Microinjections of bi...

plants change their environment characteristics and especially soil properties while their growth and adaptation, to develop plant communities. in this study effect of halophyte patches from urmia lack in a vegetation type of salsola nitraria and aeluropus littoralis on chemical and physical properties of soil was investigated. so 4 vegitation patches along 2 transect with the length of 150 met...

We propose a theory for ocular dominance (OD) patterns in mammalian primary visual cortex. This theory is based on the premise that OD pattern is an adaptation to minimize the length of intra-cortical wiring. Thus we can understand the existing OD patterns by solving a wire length minimization problem. We divide all the neurons into two classes: left-eye dominated and right-eye dominated. We fi...

Models of attention are typically based on difference maps in low-level features but neglect higher order stimulus structure. To what extent does higher order statistics affect human attention in natural stimuli? We recorded eye movements while observers viewed unmodified and modified images of natural scenes. Modifications included contrast modulations (resulting in changes to first- and secon...

Supra-threshold spatial integration was studied by testing the saliency of multi-Gabor element configurations in short duration binocular rivalry (dichoptic masking) conditions. Dichoptic presentations allow for a competition between spatially overlapping supra-threshold stimuli that involve non-overlapping monocular receptive fields in the first stage of visual filtering. Different spatial con...

Supra-threshold spatial integration was studied by testing the saliency of multi Gabor element conngurations in short duration binocular rivalry (dichoptic masking) conditions. Dichoptic presentations allows for a competition between spatially overlapping supra-threshold stimuli that involve non-overlapping receptive elds in the rst stage of visual ltering. Diierent spatial conngurations of Gab...

An 11-year-old female girl presented to us with fever of 3 months duration. Additionally she had vitiligo for two years and deafness and alopecia for the last 3 months. Two years ago, the patient had an episode of pain, watering and congestion of both eyes (suggestive of nontraumatic uveitis) for 2 weeks. She responded to therapy in the form of eye drops and oral medication (Ayurvedic medicine)...

A neural network model for the self-organization of ocular dominance and lateral connections from binocular input is presented. The self-organizing process results in a network where (1) afferent weights of each neuron organize into smooth hill-shaped receptive fields primarily on one of the retinas, (2) neurons with common eye preference form connected, intertwined patches, and (3) lateral con...