Organoids made of tear-producing cells offer chances to study, and possibly treat, eye disorders.

The neural substrates of eye movement measures are largely known. Therefore, measurement of eye movements in psychiatric disorders may provide insight into the underlying neuropathology of these disorders. Visually guided saccades, antisaccades, memory guided saccades, and smooth pursuit eye movements will be reviewed in various childhood psychiatric disorders. The four aims of this review are ...

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF 1) is an autosomal dominant disorder with high index of spontaneous mutations and extremely varied and impredictible clinical manifestations. The aim of this work was to give an account of eye disorders in NF1. 132 patients of age 0-16 years with NF1 were followed up for 15 years. They were checked repeatedly for ophthalmologic disorders. Frequent eye disorders were...

Correspondence to: Professor Christopher Kennard, Department of Visual Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience and Psychological Medicine, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Campus, St Dunstan’s Road, London W6 8RP, UK; c.kennard@imperial. ac.uk _________________________ D iplopia—seeing double—is a symptom with many potential causes, both neurological and ophthalmological. Accurate diagnosi...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondrial disease is a heterogeneous group of energy metabolism disorders that present across all ages with a wide range of ocular or multisystemic manifestations. This review focuses on recent progress made toward understanding the various ophthalmologic manifestations of primary mitochondrial diseases and discusses the implications of mitochondrial dysfunction, placing p...