Radionuclide therapy, which until 15 years ago included only a few approved therapies, is gaining importance in the treatment of various malignancies. The future of oncology will not be limited to surgery, chemo-, antibody therapies or external radiation; it will include targeted therapy with radionuclides, which will become the standard of care for a variety of malignant diseases in combinatio...

optimal management of low lying locally advanced rectal cancer remains a major challenge. this study was performed to evaluate the impact of preoperative external radiation therapy combined with systemic chemotherapy on sphincter preservation and local control in locally advanced low lying (<5 cm from anal verge) rectal cancer. a total of 25 consecutive patients with biopsy proven locally advan...

background: in order to deliver the precise dose to the target in radiotherapy, absorbed dose to water at the reference point should be assessed. when the calibration procedure is performed for a reference dosimeter in the 60co beam of a secondary standard dosimetry laboratory (ssdl), the total uncertainty in absorbed dose to water (dw) is estimated to be approximately 1.5%. this study attempts...

PURPOSE : External beam radiation therapy is a standard of care treatment for men who present with clinically localized (T1-T2) prostate cancer. The purpose of this review was to provide clarification on the appropriateness criteria and management considerations for the treatment of prostate cancer with external beam radiation therapy. METHODS : A panel consisting of physicians with expertise...

Background: The fundamental principles of internal targeted alpha therapy for cancer were established many decades ago.The high linear energy transfer (LET) of alpha radiation to the targeted cancer cellscauses double strand breaks in DNA. At the same time, the short range radiation spares adjacent normal tissues. This targeted approach complements conventional external beam radiotherapy and ch...

introduction:the external beam radiation therapy for patients with left breast cancer at the mastectomy site may cause myocardial perfusion abnormalities. we intended to study the change of these abnormalities at short and long term post radiotherapy follow up. methods: twenty patients with left and 20 patients with right breast cancer comprised the exposed and control groups, respectively. the...

Radiation therapy, often called radiotherapy, can be defined as the use of high-energy radiation such as x-rays, gamma rays, electrons, protons and neutrons to kill cancer cells and reduce the size of tumors. Shortly after the discovery of the x-ray by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen and radioactivity by Marie and Pierre Curie about 100 years ago, the mysterious and powerful radiations were being used ...

External-beam radiation therapy with intracavitary high-dose-rate brachytherapy is the standard treatment modality for advanced cervical cancer; however, late gastrointestinal complications are a major concern after radiotherapy. While radiation proctitis is a well-known side effect and radiation oncologists make an effort to reduce it, the sigmoid colon is often neglected as an organ at risk. ...

Most patients referred for radiation therapy have large tumor volumes requiring high doses of radiation for control of locoregional disease. Dose escalation with external-beam radiation therapy is limited by tolerance of the surrounding normal structures. Brachytherapy is one method of delivering a higher radiation dose to the tumor while sparing the surrounding normal tissues, in an attempt to...

introduction the exposure of human beings to ionizing radiation from natural sources is a continuing and inescapable feature of life on earth. for most individuals, this exposure exceeds that from all man-made sources combined. materials and methods in this study, the annual effective dose in high level environmental background radiation areas (hlebras) of northern city of ramsar in iran was de...