serological methods are commonly used methods for detection of viruses. preparation of pure viral antigens is a crucial step in production of antibodies required for serological studies. in this research the gene encoding coat protein of a beet western yellows virus (bwyv) isolate from iran was amplified by pcr and was ligated into a bacterial expression vector (pet26b) to obtain pet-bwyv-cp cl...

background:class ii transactivator (ciita) is a dominanttranscriptional element, controlling numerous genes in theimmune system. ciita is expressed in a constitutive pattern inantigen presenting cells although its expression can occur inother cell types. since the revelation of ciita, there have beenconsiderable advances toward understanding its role as anactivator of mhc ii genes in humans and...

background: vp4 protein is as spikes on rotavirus outer capsid shell which is responsible for virus attachment to the host. vp4 induces production of neutralizing antibodies which could be used for serotyping of different isolates. methods: simian rotavirus sa11 gene 4 cdna was cloned into a cloning plasmid pdonrtm by recombination reaction using clonase ii enzyme mix. the resulting clone was c...

background: the availability of testis specific genes will be of help in choosing the most promising biomarkers for the detection of testicular sperm retrieval in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (noa). testis specific chromodomain protein y 1 (cdy1) is a histone acetyltransferase which concentrates in the round spermatid nucleus, where histone hyperacetylation occurs and causes the re...

background: ovarian tissue cryopreservation is an alternative strategy to preserve the fertility of women predicted to undergo premature ovarian failure. this study was designed to evaluate the expression of folliculogenesis-related genes, including factor in the germline alpha (figla), growth differentiation factor-9 (gdf-9), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (fshr), and kit ligand after v...

rotavirus nonstructural glycoprotein nsp4 can induce diarrhea in newborn mice. it has been suggested that nsp4 may be a key determinant for rotavirus pathogenesis and a target for vaccine development. in order to study the biological and morphological role of nsp4 a large amount of the purified protein and antibody against it are required. simian rotavirus sa11 was propagated in bscl cell, puri...

objective: the incidence of breast cancer is approximately one million which makes this cancer one of the most common among women worldwide. breast cancer comprises 7% of the total death rate caused by cancers. several strategies that use tumor-associated antigen (taa) vaccination and early detection of breast cancer are clinically being developed. breast cancer is caused by increased over expr...

in order to study the periplasmic expression of human growth hormone (hgh) in escherichia coli, the related cdna was inserted in two expression plasmids carrying pelb signal peptide, one with lac bacterial promoter and the other with a bacteriophage t7-based promoter. the recombinant plasmids were moved to tg1 and bl21 strains of e. coli, respectively. to induce the expression systems, iptg and...

sporadic alzheimer’s disease (sad) is a multi-factorial disease caused by genetic, epigenetic, environmental and metabolic factors. current understandings of the possible mechanisms of ad such as inflammation and oxidative stresses in the brain have led us to investigation of potential ad therapeutics. currently herbal medicines with fewer side effects comparing to other chemical medicine are i...